Paper & Card
Paper & Card wastes include any single one or mixture of the following: Paper, card, board, board/plastic composites and other paper composite products. Most of this waste arises from offices and packaging[1].
Overview
Paper & Card is essentially derived from trees and so, if it is to be sustainable, paper and card waste should be recycled so the rate at which these materials are used does not exceed the rate at which the trees can grow[1].
In addition to recycling, a significant portion of paper and card waste is sent to energy recovery facilities as part of the waste mix where recycling has not fully recovered the material, totaling 566,000 tonnes in 2014[2]. Where this material is in the waste mix and sent to energy recovery facilities it is counted as Biomass/Renewable content.
The grouping of Paper & Card is a broad category but captures a wide range of different specific categories/types within the recycling sector that essentially specializes in the recycling and the national and international trading of the fibre (from the different types) back into paper and cardboard (and to some degree the value of fibre in recycled paper and card types links back the value and availability of fibre derived from trees and wood). Each time Paper & Card is recycled the fibre length shortens, resulting in a progressive use towards lower grades of Paper & Card products over time.
Under Simpler Recycling[3] Paper and Card is defined as all paper and card except:
- Paper and card that contains glitter or foil
- Paper that is laminated
- Stickers and sticky paper
- Padded lined envelopes
- Paperback and hardback books
- Wallpaper
Paper and Card Grades (examples incl. KLS, OCC and NEWS and PAMS)
Whilst the macro split is into essentially into Paper & Card, the businesses specializing in these material trade in the wider markets which have a global influence. Categories and grades might include, for example:
- Mixed Papers
- Old KLS (also sometimes combined with OCC)
- NEWS and PAMS
- OCC 11 (grade 11)
- Over Issue
- Best White No.2
- Sorted Office Waste
A European list of standard grades of paper and board is captured in EN 643 which was revised in 2013[4]. There are 5 groups that fall with in the definition of 'Paper and Board for Recycling', further defined as natural fibre-based paper and board suitable for recycling; consisting of paper and board in any shape or product made predominately from paper and board, which may include other constituents that cannot be removed by dry sorting, such as coatings, laminates, spiral bindings etc. The Groups under EN 643 are:
- Ordinary Grades
- Medium Grades
- High Grades
- Kraft Grades
- Special Grades
Macro Tonnages
The most recent information published by DEFRA [5] is based on 2016 data and is summarized in the pie chart below, with 6,989,853 tonnes of paper & cardboard wastes generated in the UK in 2016 as part of the broader tonnage reported in UK Waste Tonnage:
| Paper and Cardboard Wastes | |
|---|---|
| Data Table | |
| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (AFF) | 8,425 |
| Mining and Quarrying (MQ) | 1,168 |
| Industrial (Ind) | 1,329,827 |
| Construction (Con) | 20,000 |
| Commercial (Com) | 4,535,548 |
| Household (HH) | 1,094,886 |
The macro numbers above under report the total paper & card put into the market as the macro numbers exclude tonnage in mixed categories. The macro numbers also do not breakdown the component elements of paper & card, but the following headers in the page are the materials as handled by local authorities and as reported through WasteDataFlow.
Books
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 500 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
| Authority | Stream | Facility | Operator | Address | Material | Tonnes | Reporting Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bromley LB | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Multiple destinations | Multiple | Books | 1,537.94 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| West Sussex County Council | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | DS Smith Paper Ltd | Kemsley Paper Mill, Kemsley, Sittingbourne, Kent | Books | 947.36 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| Kingston-upon-Hull City Council | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Other/Exempt | JMP WILCOX & CO LTD, BELDRAY WORKS, BELDRAY ROAD BILSTON, WOLVERHAMPTON, WEST MIDLANDS , WV14 7NH | Books | 713.07 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| Birmingham City Council | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Other/Exempt | Books Wilcox Beldray Works, Beldray Road, Bilston, Wolverhampton WV14 7NHTetiles and footwear a number of charities | Books | 669.23 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| Wandsworth LB | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Other/Exempt | Chris Carey's CollectionsRaymond HouseCricket LaneBeckenhamKentBR3 1LW | Books | 574.99 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| East Riding of Yorkshire Council | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Other/Exempt | Wilcox Industrial Supply Co. Beldray Works, Beldray Road Bilston, West Midlands WV14 7NH | Books | 527.00 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
Card
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
| Authority | Stream | Facility | Operator | Address | Material | Tonnes | Reporting Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Worcestershire County Council | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Dew Mr David & Dew Mr Jonathan | Unit 100, Blackpole Road, Blackpole Trading Estate, Worcester, Worcestershire | Card | 33,990.98 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| Birmingham City Council | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Smurfit Kappa UK Ltd | Mount Street, Nechells, Birmingham | Card | 18,203.36 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| Bristol City Council | Source segregated recyclate | Exporter - recycling (qu19) | Kier M G Limited | Bristol Waste Recycling Facility, Albert Road, St Philips, Bristol, Avon | Card | 12,732.40 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
Mixed Paper & Card
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
| Authority | Stream | Facility | Operator | Address | Material | Tonnes | Reporting Period |
|---|
Paper
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 7000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
| Authority | Stream | Facility | Operator | Address | Material | Tonnes | Reporting Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somerset Waste Partnership | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | DS Smith Paper Ltd | Kemsley Paper Mill, Kemsley, Sittingbourne, Kent | Paper | 9,979.69 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| Lancashire County Council | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Recycling Lives Ltd | D1/ D2 Longridge Road, Red Scar Bus Park, Preston, Lancashire | Paper | 8,725.31 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| Vale of Glamorgan Council | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Cowbridge Compost Ltd | The Lodge, Llwynhelig, Gibbots Hill, Cowbridge, Vale Of Glamorgan | Paper | 8,502.31 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| Pembrokeshire County Council | Comingled recyclate | Materials recovery facility | A J Recycling Ltd | Meigan Wells, Blaenfodd, Boncath, Pembrokeshire | Paper | 7,459.55 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
| St Helens MBC | Source segregated recyclate | Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) | Biffa Waste Services Ltd | Pocket Nook Resource Management Centre, Pocket Nook Street, St Helens, Warrington, Cheshire | Paper | 7,451.41 | Apr21 - Mar22 |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 DEFRA, 2011. ARCHIVE: Waste Management Advisor - Paper and card (clean). [online] adlib.everysite.co.uk. [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].
- ↑ WRAP, 2016. Final Report - Paper and Card Flow 2020. [online]
- ↑ https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system
- ↑ Guidance on the Revised EN643
- ↑ UK Statistics on Waste 2020