Autoclaving - Revision history

Northern Chick: /* Application to Waste Sector in UK */ amendmnet to web link

2021-03-22T14:36:41Z

Application to Waste Sector in UK: amendmnet to web link

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 22 March 2021
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	** [[Graphite Resources]] (Derwenthaugh EcoParc - Newcastle)		** [[Graphite Resources]] (Derwenthaugh EcoParc - Newcastle)
	** [[Orchid Environmental]] (Merseyside)		** [[Orchid Environmental]] (Merseyside)
	** [[Sterecycle]] (Rotherham) - closed and company went into liquidation following an explosion at the plant in 2011 with a resulting fatality<ref>[https://www.britsafe.org/publications/safety-management-magazine/safety-management-magazine/2014/waste-firm-sterecycle-fined-500k-for-corporate-manslaughter-after-autoclave-explosion/British Safety Council Article]</ref>		** [[Sterecycle]] (Rotherham) - closed and company went into liquidation following an explosion at the plant in 2011 with a resulting fatality<ref>[https://www.britsafe.org/publications/safety-management-magazine/safety-management-magazine/2014/waste-firm-sterecycle-fined-500k-for-corporate-manslaughter-after-autoclave-explosion/ British Safety Council Article]</ref>
	** [[Aero Thermal]] (Plymouth) - not progressed		** [[Aero Thermal]] (Plymouth) - not progressed
	* [[Food Waste]] Autoclaving as part of a pre-treatment process prior to [[Anaerobic Digestion]] is still being promoted<ref>[http://www.aerothermalgroup.com/markets-applications/ Aero Thermal Website]</ref> as increasing [[biogas]] yields by [[Aero Thermal]]		* [[Food Waste]] Autoclaving as part of a pre-treatment process prior to [[Anaerobic Digestion]] is still being promoted<ref>[http://www.aerothermalgroup.com/markets-applications/ Aero Thermal Website]</ref> as increasing [[biogas]] yields by [[Aero Thermal]]

Northern Chick: /* Application to Waste Sector in UK */

2021-02-04T10:14:44Z

Application to Waste Sector in UK

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:14, 4 February 2021
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	Whilst Autoclaves are used for the disinfection of medical equipment to allow them to be reused, the application of Autoclaving in the UK for waste as a [[Mechanical Heat Treatment]] ([[MHT]]) has focused on three main waste streams to date:		Whilst Autoclaves are used for the disinfection of medical equipment to allow them to be reused, the application of Autoclaving in the UK for waste as a [[Mechanical Heat Treatment]] ([[MHT]]) has focused on three main waste streams to date:
	* [[Healthcare Waste]] is the most wide spread application of the use of Autoclaving as a [[treatment]] process, with more recent applications to specific waste streams such as single use nappies.		* [[Healthcare Waste]] is the most wide spread application of the use of Autoclaving as a [[treatment]] process, with more recent applications to specific waste streams such as single use nappies.
	* [[Municipal Solid Waste]] <ref>[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/221040/pb13891-heat-treatment-waste.pdf DEFRA Publication on MHT Application to Municipal Solid Waste February 2013]</ref> applications have been developed in the past, ~~with a~~ focused on the production of a [[Waste Derived Fuel]].		* [[Municipal Solid Waste]] <ref>[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/221040/pb13891-heat-treatment-waste.pdf DEFRA Publication on MHT Application to Municipal Solid Waste February 2013]</ref> applications have been developed in the past, which focused on the production of a [[Waste Derived Fuel]].
	** [[Graphite Resources]] (Derwenthaugh EcoParc - Newcastle)		** [[Graphite Resources]] (Derwenthaugh EcoParc - Newcastle)
	** [[Orchid Environmental]] (Merseyside)		** [[Orchid Environmental]] (Merseyside)

Bin52: add page specific text

2021-02-03T17:32:24Z

add page specific text

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:32, 3 February 2021
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	The autoclave was re-invented for medical and scientific use by Charles Chamberland in 1879. Chamberland was a microbiologist who worked with Louis Pasteur<ref name="Qor" />.		The autoclave was re-invented for medical and scientific use by Charles Chamberland in 1879. Chamberland was a microbiologist who worked with Louis Pasteur<ref name="Qor" />.

	==~~Operation of an Autoclave~~==		==Application to Waste Sector in UK==
	~~Items~~ to be ~~autoclaved are subjected~~ to ~~gradual temperature increases under high pressure until 121 °C~~ is ~~reached and then steamed for around 15–20 minutes~~<ref ~~name="Qor"~~ />. ~~The autoclave allows steam~~ to ~~flow around items~~ in the ~~chamber. The length of time and temperature necessary for sterilization depend~~ on the ~~items to be sterilized~~ and ~~whether they are wrapped or left directly exposed to~~ the ~~steam,~~ref ~~name="Qor"~~ />. ~~Items should be separated to allow the steam to penetrate the load evenly~~. ~~The steam can reach in small crevices and can kill all bacteria, viruses and bacterial spores~~<ref ~~name="Qor" /~~>.		Whilst Autoclaves are used for the disinfection of medical equipment to allow them to be reused, the application of Autoclaving in the UK for waste as a [[Mechanical Heat Treatment]] ([[MHT]]) has focused on three main waste streams to date:
			* [[Healthcare Waste]] is the most wide spread application of the use of Autoclaving as a [[treatment]] process, with more recent applications to specific waste streams such as single use nappies.
			* [[Municipal Solid Waste]] <ref>[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/221040/pb13891-heat-treatment-waste.pdf DEFRA Publication on MHT Application to Municipal Solid Waste February 2013]</ref> applications have been developed in the past, with a focused on the production of a [[Waste Derived Fuel]].
			** [[Graphite Resources]] (Derwenthaugh EcoParc - Newcastle)
			** [[Orchid Environmental]] (Merseyside)
			** [[Sterecycle]] (Rotherham) - closed and company went into liquidation following an explosion at the plant in 2011 with a resulting fatality<ref>[https://www.britsafe.org/publications/safety-management-magazine/safety-management-magazine/2014/waste-firm-sterecycle-fined-500k-for-corporate-manslaughter-after-autoclave-explosion/British Safety Council Article]</ref>
			** [[Aero Thermal]] (Plymouth) - not progressed
			* [[Food Waste]] Autoclaving as part of a pre-treatment process prior to [[Anaerobic Digestion]] is still being promoted<ref>[http://www.aerothermalgroup.com/markets-applications/ Aero Thermal Website]</ref> as increasing [[biogas]] yields by [[Aero Thermal]]

	Autoclaves can be used to eliminate ~~microorganismsand~~ for hydrothermal synthesis<ref name ="Qor" />. [[Autoclaving]] is a very dependable method for the sterilization and decontamination of laboratory glassware, medical instruments and certain types of [[Healthcare Waste]], reagents, and other media. Autoclaves can inactivate fungi, bacteria, spores, viruses and other microorganisms on surgical instruments such as scalpels, scissors and other metal items<ref name="Qor" />.		==Operation of an Autoclave with Healthcare Waste==
			Items to be autoclaved are subjected to gradual temperature increases under high pressure until 121 °C is reached and then steamed for around 15–20 minutes<ref name="Qor" />. The autoclave allows steam to flow around items in the chamber. The length of time and temperature necessary for sterilization depend on the items to be sterilized and whether they are wrapped or left directly exposed to the steam,<ref name="Qor" />. Items should be separated to allow the steam to penetrate the load evenly. The steam can reach in small crevices and can kill all bacteria, viruses and bacterial spores<ref name="Qor" />.

			Autoclaves can be used to eliminate microorganisms and for hydrothermal synthesis<ref name ="Qor" />. [[Autoclaving]] is a very dependable method for the sterilization and decontamination of laboratory glassware, medical instruments and certain types of [[Healthcare Waste]], reagents, and other media. Autoclaves can inactivate fungi, bacteria, spores, viruses and other microorganisms on surgical instruments such as scalpels, scissors and other metal items<ref name="Qor" />.

	Some autoclaves are designed to shred [[Healthcare Waste]] during the treatment cycle; other systems rely on the use of a pre-treatment process to macerate the [[Healthcare Waste\|waste]] before the [[Healthcare Waste\|waste]] is heated<ref name ="Health">[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/167976/HTM_07-01_Final.pdf/ HTM_07_01 Safe Management of Healthcare Waste]</ref>.		Some autoclaves are designed to shred [[Healthcare Waste]] during the treatment cycle; other systems rely on the use of a pre-treatment process to macerate the [[Healthcare Waste\|waste]] before the [[Healthcare Waste\|waste]] is heated<ref name ="Health">[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/167976/HTM_07-01_Final.pdf/ HTM_07_01 Safe Management of Healthcare Waste]</ref>.

	==References==		==References==
	~~<ref> />~~

Northern Chick: Addiiton of text

2021-02-03T13:56:28Z

Addiiton of text

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:56, 3 February 2021
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	Autoclaves can be used to eliminate microorganismsand for hydrothermal synthesis<ref name ="Qor" />. [[Autoclaving]] is a very dependable method for the sterilization and decontamination of laboratory glassware, medical instruments and certain types of [[Healthcare Waste]], reagents, and other media. Autoclaves can inactivate fungi, bacteria, spores, viruses and other microorganisms on surgical instruments such as scalpels, scissors and other metal items<ref name="Qor" />.		Autoclaves can be used to eliminate microorganismsand for hydrothermal synthesis<ref name ="Qor" />. [[Autoclaving]] is a very dependable method for the sterilization and decontamination of laboratory glassware, medical instruments and certain types of [[Healthcare Waste]], reagents, and other media. Autoclaves can inactivate fungi, bacteria, spores, viruses and other microorganisms on surgical instruments such as scalpels, scissors and other metal items<ref name="Qor" />.

			Some autoclaves are designed to shred [[Healthcare Waste]] during the treatment cycle; other systems rely on the use of a pre-treatment process to macerate the [[Healthcare Waste\|waste]] before the [[Healthcare Waste\|waste]] is heated<ref name ="Health">[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/167976/HTM_07-01_Final.pdf/ HTM_07_01 Safe Management of Healthcare Waste]</ref>.

	==References==		==References==
	<ref> />		<ref> />

Northern Chick: /* Operation of an Autoclave */

2021-02-03T13:45:55Z

Operation of an Autoclave

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 3 February 2021
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	Items to be autoclaved are subjected to gradual temperature increases under high pressure until 121 °C is reached and then steamed for around 15–20 minutes<ref name="Qor" />. The autoclave allows steam to flow around items in the chamber. The length of time and temperature necessary for sterilization depend on the items to be sterilized and whether they are wrapped or left directly exposed to the steam,ref name="Qor" />. Items should be separated to allow the steam to penetrate the load evenly. The steam can reach in small crevices and can kill all bacteria, viruses and bacterial spores<ref name="Qor" />.		Items to be autoclaved are subjected to gradual temperature increases under high pressure until 121 °C is reached and then steamed for around 15–20 minutes<ref name="Qor" />. The autoclave allows steam to flow around items in the chamber. The length of time and temperature necessary for sterilization depend on the items to be sterilized and whether they are wrapped or left directly exposed to the steam,ref name="Qor" />. Items should be separated to allow the steam to penetrate the load evenly. The steam can reach in small crevices and can kill all bacteria, viruses and bacterial spores<ref name="Qor" />.

	Autoclaves can be used to eliminate microorganismsand for hydrothermal synthesis<ref name ="Qor" />. [[Autoclaving]] is a very dependable method for the sterilization and decontamination of laboratory glassware, medical instruments and certain types of [[Healthcare Waste]], reagents, and other media. Autoclaves can inactivate fungi, bacteria, spores, viruses and other microorganisms on surgical instruments such as scalpels~~, forceps~~, scissors and other metal items,ref name="Qor" />.		Autoclaves can be used to eliminate microorganismsand for hydrothermal synthesis<ref name ="Qor" />. [[Autoclaving]] is a very dependable method for the sterilization and decontamination of laboratory glassware, medical instruments and certain types of [[Healthcare Waste]], reagents, and other media. Autoclaves can inactivate fungi, bacteria, spores, viruses and other microorganisms on surgical instruments such as scalpels, scissors and other metal items<ref name="Qor" />.

	==References==		==References==
	<ref> />		<ref> />

Northern Chick: Addition of further text

2021-02-03T13:45:25Z

Addition of further text

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 3 February 2021
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	The autoclave was re-invented for medical and scientific use by Charles Chamberland in 1879. Chamberland was a microbiologist who worked with Louis Pasteur<ref name="Qor" />.		The autoclave was re-invented for medical and scientific use by Charles Chamberland in 1879. Chamberland was a microbiologist who worked with Louis Pasteur<ref name="Qor" />.

			==Operation of an Autoclave==
			Items to be autoclaved are subjected to gradual temperature increases under high pressure until 121 °C is reached and then steamed for around 15–20 minutes<ref name="Qor" />. The autoclave allows steam to flow around items in the chamber. The length of time and temperature necessary for sterilization depend on the items to be sterilized and whether they are wrapped or left directly exposed to the steam,ref name="Qor" />. Items should be separated to allow the steam to penetrate the load evenly. The steam can reach in small crevices and can kill all bacteria, viruses and bacterial spores<ref name="Qor" />.

			Autoclaves can be used to eliminate microorganismsand for hydrothermal synthesis<ref name ="Qor" />. [[Autoclaving]] is a very dependable method for the sterilization and decontamination of laboratory glassware, medical instruments and certain types of [[Healthcare Waste]], reagents, and other media. Autoclaves can inactivate fungi, bacteria, spores, viruses and other microorganisms on surgical instruments such as scalpels, forceps, scissors and other metal items,ref name="Qor" />.

	==References==		==References==
	<ref> />		<ref> />

Northern Chick: New page

2021-02-03T13:40:04Z

New page

New page

[[Category: Technologies & Solutions]]
[[Autoclaving]] is a sterilisation method that uses high-pressure steam. The [[Autoclaving|autoclaving]] process works by the concept that the boiling point of water (or steam) increases when it is under pressure<ref name="Qor">[https://www.qorpak.com/pages/autoclaving/ Qorpak]</ref>.

==History==
The name [[Autoclaving|Autoclave]] comes from the Greek "auto" ultimately meaning self and the Latin term "clavis" meaning key, thus a self locking device<ref name="Qor" />. The first autoclave was essentially a pressure cooker and was originally invented as a method for preparing food by French physician Denis Papin around 1681. He called his invention a "steam digester" and described benefits of using the device to process food for easier digestion<ref name="Qor" />.

The autoclave was re-invented for medical and scientific use by Charles Chamberland in 1879. Chamberland was a microbiologist who worked with Louis Pasteur<ref name="Qor" />.

==References==
<ref> />