Cement Kilns - Revision history

Admin: /* Use of Waste - Current Context */

2022-11-10T12:16:51Z

Use of Waste - Current Context

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:16, 10 November 2022
Line 144:		Line 144:
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,151\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|931\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,151\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|931\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0
	\|-		\|-
	! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| ~~804~~,87 !!style='text-align:right;'\|847,230!!style='text-align:right;'\|898,456!!style='text-align:right;'\|808,369		! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| 797,586 !!style='text-align:right;'\|847,230!!style='text-align:right;'\|898,456!!style='text-align:right;'\|808,369
	\|}		\|}

Admin: /* Use of Waste - Current Context */

2022-11-10T11:51:27Z

Use of Waste - Current Context

Show changes

Bin52: 2020 data added for cement kilns and Tunstead added, previously omitted

2022-05-20T09:55:53Z

2020 data added for cement kilns and Tunstead added, previously omitted

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 20 May 2022
Line 86:		Line 86:
	!EWC Code!!Waste Description!!Tonnes (2018)!!Tonnes (2019)!! Tonnes (2020)		!EWC Code!!Waste Description!!Tonnes (2018)!!Tonnes (2019)!! Tonnes (2020)
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap01\|01 04 08]]\|\|waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|796\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|		\|[[EWCChap01\|01 04 08]]\|\|waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|796\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 02]]\|\|animal-tissue waste ''- the code typically used for [[MBM]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,639\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25\|\|		\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 02]]\|\|animal-tissue waste ''- the code typically used for [[MBM]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,639\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 03]]\|\|materials unsuitable for consumption or processing\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|8,360\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|890\|\|		\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 03]]\|\|materials unsuitable for consumption or processing\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|8,360\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|890\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,129
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap06\|06 02 01*]]\|\|calcium hydroxide\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,189\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,128\|\|		\|[[EWCChap06\|06 02 01*]]\|\|calcium hydroxide\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,189\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,128\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,628
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 02]]\|\|coal fly ash\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|180,493\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|150,025\|\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 02]]\|\|coal fly ash\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|180,493\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|150,025\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|215,028
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 15]]\|\|~~bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~384~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~595~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 05]]\|\|calcium based reaction waste\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|750
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 02 13*]]\|\|~~sludges~~ and ~~filter cakes~~ from ~~gas treatment containing dangerous substances~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~24,172~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~32,923~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 15]]\|\|bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|384\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|595\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 ~~03 30~~]]\|\|~~wastes~~ from treatment ~~of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~820~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 02 13*]]\|\|sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|30,015\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|45,432\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|45,917
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~EWCChap16~~\|~~16 01~~ 03]]\|\|~~end-~~of-~~life tyres~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~69,224~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|72,~~027\|\|~~		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 03 30]]\|\|wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|820\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,850
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~EWCChap16~~\|~~16 08 04~~]]\|\|~~spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~2,509~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~2,376~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 12 06]]\|\|discarded moulds\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|28
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~EWCChap19~~\|19 01 13*]]\|\|~~fly ash containing dangerous substances~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 01 03]]\|\|end-of-life tyres\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|77,879\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|90,138\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|101,543
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~EWCChap19~~\|19 02 08*]]\|\|~~liquid combustible~~ wastes ~~containing dangerous substances~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~84,249~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~91,941~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 01 04]]\|\|non-hazardous inorganic wastes\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|28
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~EWCChap19~~\|~~19 02 10~~]]\|\|~~combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02~~ 08 ~~and 19 02 09~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|18,~~643~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|20,~~062~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 08 04]]\|\|spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,509\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,376\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,022
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 ~~08 05~~]]\|\|~~sludges from treatment of urban waste water~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~25,522~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~23,062~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 01 13*]]\|\|fly ash containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|52
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 13*]]\|\|~~sludges~~ containing dangerous substances ~~from other treatment of industrial waste water~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,~~412~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,~~875~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 08*]]\|\|liquid combustible wastes containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|84,249\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|91,963\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|77,033
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 09 02]]\|\|~~sludges from water clarification~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,~~773~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,~~590~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 10]]\|\|combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|18,643\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|20,635\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|7,122
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 ~~12 01~~]]\|\|~~paper and cardboard~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,~~226~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|6,~~900~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 05]]\|\|sludges from treatment of urban waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25,522\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|23,062\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|17,917
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 ~~12 04~~]]\|\|~~plastic and rubber~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,~~469~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,~~883~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 13*]]\|\|sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,412\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,875\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,059
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 ~~12 10~~]]\|\|~~combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) '~~'- ~~the code typically used for [[SRF]]'~~'\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~251~~,~~730~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~316,132\|\|~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 09 02]]\|\|sludges from water clarification\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,773\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,590\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|133
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 11*]]\|\|~~other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing dangerous substances~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~100~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~928~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 01]]\|\|paper and cardboard\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,226\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|6,900\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|10,506
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|~~other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,~~865~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,~~151~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 04]]\|\|plastic and rubber\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,469\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,883\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,192
	\|-		\|-
	! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| ~~753~~,~~784~~ !!style='text-align:right;'\|~~769~~,~~619~~\|\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 07]]\|\|non hazardous wood\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|15,541\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|28,119\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,179
			\|-
			\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 10]]\|\|combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) ''- the code typically used for [[SRF]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|265,493\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|334,694\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|403,152
			\|-
			\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 11*]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|100\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|928\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|257
			\|-
			\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,151\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|931
			\|-
			! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| 804,87 !!style='text-align:right;'\|847,230\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|898,456
	\|}		\|}

Bin52: /* Use of Waste - Current Context */

2022-05-20T09:03:26Z

Use of Waste - Current Context

Bin52: start to update table

2022-05-20T08:24:36Z

start to update table

Arctellion at 18:39, 21 September 2021

2021-09-21T18:39:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 21 September 2021
Line 62:		Line 62:
	There are 12 operational cement kilns in the UK, listed below and shown on the map in green, and more detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page. On the map the grinding & blending sites of the same five key operators are also shown coloured white<ref name = 'ref1'/> - these sites do not have a kiln on site and do not have a permit or any record of handling waste:		There are 12 operational cement kilns in the UK, listed below and shown on the map in green, and more detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page. On the map the grinding & blending sites of the same five key operators are also shown coloured white<ref name = 'ref1'/> - these sites do not have a kiln on site and do not have a permit or any record of handling waste:
	[[File:Cementkilns.png\|600px\|right\|Cement Kilns in the UK]]		[[File:Cementkilns.png\|600px\|right\|Cement Kilns in the UK]]
	{\|Class="wikitable"		{\|Class="wikitable sortable"
	! ID !! Site Name !! Plant Type !! Operating Company		! ID !! Site Name !! Plant Type !! Operating Company
	{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>		{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>

Admin: fixed references problems

2021-03-31T11:27:36Z

fixed references problems

Admin at 11:55, 23 February 2021

2021-02-23T11:55:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:55, 23 February 2021
Line 75:		Line 75:

	==Use of Waste - Current Context==		==Use of Waste - Current Context==
	The UK cement kilns, on the whole, have waste permits and complete returns of the waste handled each quarter. The most recent data for each site is listed in the site specific page per cement kiln, although no returns have been made/are available for [[Cookstown]], [[Purfleet]] and [[Dunbar]]. An analysis of the waste returns ~~for 2018 totals 753,784 tonnes~~ - out of the 1,414,195 tonnes reported by the MPA<ref name = ''ref1''/>. The difference can be accounted for via several factors:		The UK cement kilns, on the whole, have waste permits and complete returns of the waste handled each quarter. The most recent data for each site is listed in the site specific page per cement kiln, although no returns have been made/are available for [[Cookstown]], [[Purfleet]] and [[Dunbar]]. An analysis of the waste returns is shown below - out of the 1,414,195 tonnes reported by the MPA (in 2018)<ref name = ''ref1''/>. The difference can be accounted for via several factors:
	* There are no returns for 3 cement kilns		* There are no returns for 3 cement kilns
	* The material may not be captured by the waste reports <ref> As an example, Blast Furnace Slag is considered a primary input for this type of cement, it is not defined as waste by the producer and therefore is not normally captured in [[UK Waste Tonnage]] figures or waste permit returns</ref>		* The material may not be captured by the waste reports <ref> As an example, Blast Furnace Slag is considered a primary input for this type of cement, it is not defined as waste by the producer and therefore is not normally captured in [[UK Waste Tonnage]] figures or waste permit returns</ref>
Line 84:		Line 84:

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	!EWC Code!!Waste Description!!Tonnes (2018)		!EWC Code!!Waste Description!!Tonnes (2018)!!Tonnes (2019)
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap01\|01 04 08]]\|\|waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|796		\|[[EWCChap01\|01 04 08]]\|\|waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|796\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 02]]\|\|animal-tissue waste ''- the code typically used for [[MBM]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,639		\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 02]]\|\|animal-tissue waste ''- the code typically used for [[MBM]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,639\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 03]]\|\|materials unsuitable for consumption or processing\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|8,360		\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 03]]\|\|materials unsuitable for consumption or processing\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|8,360\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|890
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap06\|06 02 01*]]\|\|calcium hydroxide\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,189		\|[[EWCChap06\|06 02 01*]]\|\|calcium hydroxide\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,189\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,128
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 02]]\|\|coal fly ash\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|180,493		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 02]]\|\|coal fly ash\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|180,493\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|150,025
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 15]]\|\|bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|384		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 15]]\|\|bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|384\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|595
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 02 13*]]\|\|sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|24,172		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 02 13*]]\|\|sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|24,172\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|32,923
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~EWCChap16~~\|~~16 01~~ 03]]\|\|~~end-~~of-~~life tyres~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~69,224~~		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 03 30]]\|\|wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|820
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap16\|16 ~~08 04~~]]\|\|~~spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,~~509~~		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 01 03]]\|\|end-of-life tyres\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|69,224\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|72,027
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~EWCChap19~~\|19 01 13*]]\|\|~~fly ash containing dangerous substances~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|29		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 08 04]]\|\|spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,509\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,376
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 ~~02 08~~*]]\|\|~~liquid combustible wastes~~ containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~84,249~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 01 13*]]\|\|fly ash containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 10]]\|\|combustible wastes ~~other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|18,~~643~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 08*]]\|\|liquid combustible wastes containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|84,249\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|91,941
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 ~~08 05~~]]\|\|~~sludges from treatment of urban waste water~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25,~~522~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 10]]\|\|combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|18,643\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|20,062
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 13*]]\|\|sludges ~~containing dangerous substances~~ from ~~other~~ treatment of ~~industrial~~ waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,~~412~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 05]]\|\|sludges from treatment of urban waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25,522\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|23,062
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 ~~09 02~~]]\|\|sludges from water ~~clarification~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,~~773~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 13*]]\|\|sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,412\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,875
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 ~~12 01~~]]\|\|~~paper and cardboard~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,~~226~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 09 02]]\|\|sludges from water clarification\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,773\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,590
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 04]]\|\|~~plastic~~ and ~~rubber~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,~~469~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 01]]\|\|paper and cardboard\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,226\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|6,900
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 10]]\|\|~~combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) '~~'- ~~the code typically used for [[SRF]]'~~'\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~251~~,~~730~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 04]]\|\|plastic and rubber\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,469\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,883
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 11*]]\|\|~~other wastes~~ (~~including mixtures of materials~~) ~~from mechanical treatment of waste containing dangerous substances~~\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|~~100~~		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 10]]\|\|combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) ''- the code typically used for [[SRF]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|251,730\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|316,132
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 11*]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|100\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|928
			\|-
			\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,151
			\|-
			! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| 753,784 !!style='text-align:right;'\|769,619
	\|}		\|}

Bin52: minor text change

2020-12-09T14:09:09Z

minor text change

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 9 December 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The production of cement utilizes waste materials in two primary ways, firstly using specific [[Industrial Waste]] and [[Mining & Quarrying Waste]] (and waste from the kiln part of the process itself) as additives and replacement for traditional raw materials, and secondly as a fuel to substitute for the use of traditional fossil fuels in ~~a cement kiln~~. In 2018 1,414,195 tonnes of waste was used as raw materials and fuel in the production of cement, with just over 43% of kiln thermal input replaced by [[Waste Derived Fuel]]. The five companies manufacturing cement together supplied 78% of the cement consumed in the market in 2018. <ref name=''ref1''>[https://cement.mineralproducts.org/documents/MPA_Cement_SD_Report_2019.pdf MPA Cement Sustainability Report 2019]</ref>		The production of cement utilizes waste materials in two primary ways, firstly using specific [[Industrial Waste]] and [[Mining & Quarrying Waste]] (and waste from the kiln part of the process itself) as additives and replacement for traditional raw materials, and secondly as a fuel to substitute for the use of traditional fossil fuels in [[Cement Kilns]]. In 2018 1,414,195 tonnes of waste was used as raw materials and fuel in the production of cement, with just over 43% of kiln thermal input replaced by [[Waste Derived Fuel]]. The five companies manufacturing cement together supplied 78% of the cement consumed in the market in 2018. <ref name=''ref1''>[https://cement.mineralproducts.org/documents/MPA_Cement_SD_Report_2019.pdf MPA Cement Sustainability Report 2019]</ref>
	[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]		[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]
	[[File:Rotary Cement Kiln105454498 a39b402e4f.jpg\|400px\|left\|Picture of Rotary Cement Kiln: source zkg.de]]__TOC__		[[File:Rotary Cement Kiln105454498 a39b402e4f.jpg\|400px\|left\|Picture of Rotary Cement Kiln: source zkg.de]]__TOC__

Bin52: minor text changes

2020-04-28T19:47:32Z

minor text changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:47, 28 April 2020
Line 60:		Line 60:
	{{#get_db_data: db=engy \|from=cementkilns \|data=site=site,id=id,company=company,ctype=ctype}}		{{#get_db_data: db=engy \|from=cementkilns \|data=site=site,id=id,company=company,ctype=ctype}}

	There are 12 operational cement kilns in the UK, listed below and shown on the map, and more detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page. On the map the grinding & blending sites of the same five key operators are also shown coloured ~~green~~<ref name = ''ref1''/> - these sites do not have a kiln on site and do not have a permit or any record of handling waste:		There are 12 operational cement kilns in the UK, listed below and shown on the map in green, and more detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page. On the map the grinding & blending sites of the same five key operators are also shown coloured white<ref name = ''ref1''/> - these sites do not have a kiln on site and do not have a permit or any record of handling waste:
	[[File:Cementkilns.png\|600px\|right\|Cement Kilns in the UK]]		[[File:Cementkilns.png\|600px\|right\|Cement Kilns in the UK]]
	{\|Class="wikitable"		{\|Class="wikitable"

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 20 May 2022
Line 86:		Line 86:
	!EWC Code!!Waste Description!!Tonnes (2018)!!Tonnes (2019)!! Tonnes (2020)		!EWC Code!!Waste Description!!Tonnes (2018)!!Tonnes (2019)!! Tonnes (2020)
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap01\|01 04 08]]\|\|waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|796\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|		\|[[EWCChap01\|01 04 08]]\|\|waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|796\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 02]]\|\|animal-tissue waste ''- the code typically used for [[MBM]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,639\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25\|		\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 02]]\|\|animal-tissue waste ''- the code typically used for [[MBM]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,639\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 03]]\|\|materials unsuitable for consumption or processing\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|8,360\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|890\|		\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 03]]\|\|materials unsuitable for consumption or processing\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|8,360\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|890\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap06\|06 02 01*]]\|\|calcium hydroxide\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,189\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,128\|		\|[[EWCChap06\|06 02 01*]]\|\|calcium hydroxide\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,189\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,128\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 02]]\|\|coal fly ash\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|180,493\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|150,025\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 02]]\|\|coal fly ash\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|180,493\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|150,025\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 15]]\|\|bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|384\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|595\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 15]]\|\|bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|384\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|595\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 02 13*]]\|\|sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|24,172\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|32,923\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 02 13*]]\|\|sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|24,172\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|32,923\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 03 30]]\|\|wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|820\|		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 03 30]]\|\|wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|820\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap16\|16 01 03]]\|\|end-of-life tyres\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|69,224\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|72,027\|		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 01 03]]\|\|end-of-life tyres\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|69,224\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|72,027\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap16\|16 08 04]]\|\|spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,509\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,376\|		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 08 04]]\|\|spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,509\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,376\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 01 13*]]\|\|fly ash containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 01 13*]]\|\|fly ash containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 08*]]\|\|liquid combustible wastes containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|84,249\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|91,941\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 08*]]\|\|liquid combustible wastes containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|84,249\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|91,941\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 10]]\|\|combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|18,643\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|20,062\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 10]]\|\|combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|18,643\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|20,062\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 05]]\|\|sludges from treatment of urban waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25,522\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|23,062\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 05]]\|\|sludges from treatment of urban waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25,522\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|23,062\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 13*]]\|\|sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,412\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,875\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 13*]]\|\|sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,412\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,875\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 09 02]]\|\|sludges from water clarification\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,773\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,590\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 09 02]]\|\|sludges from water clarification\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,773\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,590\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 01]]\|\|paper and cardboard\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,226\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|6,900\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 01]]\|\|paper and cardboard\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,226\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|6,900\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 04]]\|\|plastic and rubber\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,469\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,883\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 04]]\|\|plastic and rubber\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,469\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,883\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 10]]\|\|combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) ''- the code typically used for [[SRF]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|251,730\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|316,132\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 10]]\|\|combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) ''- the code typically used for [[SRF]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|251,730\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|316,132\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 11*]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|100\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|928\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 11*]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|100\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|928\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,151\|		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,151\|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| 753,784 !!style='text-align:right;'\|769,619\|		! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| 753,784 !!style='text-align:right;'\|769,619\|\|
	\|}		\|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:24, 20 May 2022
Line 84:		Line 84:

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	!EWC Code!!Waste Description!!Tonnes (2018)!!Tonnes (2019)		!EWC Code!!Waste Description!!Tonnes (2018)!!Tonnes (2019)!! Tonnes (2020)
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap01\|01 04 08]]\|\|waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|796\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0		\|[[EWCChap01\|01 04 08]]\|\|waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|796\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 02]]\|\|animal-tissue waste ''- the code typically used for [[MBM]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,639\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25		\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 02]]\|\|animal-tissue waste ''- the code typically used for [[MBM]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,639\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 03]]\|\|materials unsuitable for consumption or processing\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|8,360\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|890		\|[[EWCChap02\|02 02 03]]\|\|materials unsuitable for consumption or processing\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|8,360\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|890\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap06\|06 02 01*]]\|\|calcium hydroxide\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,189\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,128		\|[[EWCChap06\|06 02 01*]]\|\|calcium hydroxide\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,189\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|1,128\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 02]]\|\|coal fly ash\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|180,493\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|150,025		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 02]]\|\|coal fly ash\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|180,493\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|150,025\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 15]]\|\|bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|384\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|595		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 01 15]]\|\|bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|384\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|595\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 02 13*]]\|\|sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|24,172\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|32,923		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 02 13*]]\|\|sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|24,172\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|32,923\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap10\|10 03 30]]\|\|wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|820		\|[[EWCChap10\|10 03 30]]\|\|wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|820\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap16\|16 01 03]]\|\|end-of-life tyres\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|69,224\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|72,027		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 01 03]]\|\|end-of-life tyres\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|69,224\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|72,027\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap16\|16 08 04]]\|\|spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,509\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,376		\|[[EWCChap16\|16 08 04]]\|\|spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,509\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,376\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 01 13*]]\|\|fly ash containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 01 13*]]\|\|fly ash containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|29\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|0\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 08*]]\|\|liquid combustible wastes containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|84,249\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|91,941		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 08*]]\|\|liquid combustible wastes containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|84,249\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|91,941\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 10]]\|\|combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|18,643\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|20,062		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 02 10]]\|\|combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|18,643\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|20,062\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 05]]\|\|sludges from treatment of urban waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25,522\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|23,062		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 05]]\|\|sludges from treatment of urban waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|25,522\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|23,062\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 13*]]\|\|sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,412\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,875		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 08 13*]]\|\|sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,412\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,875\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 09 02]]\|\|sludges from water clarification\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,773\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,590		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 09 02]]\|\|sludges from water clarification\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|3,773\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,590\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 01]]\|\|paper and cardboard\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,226\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|6,900		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 01]]\|\|paper and cardboard\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,226\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|6,900\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 04]]\|\|plastic and rubber\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,469\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,883		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 04]]\|\|plastic and rubber\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|5,469\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|2,883\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 10]]\|\|combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) ''- the code typically used for [[SRF]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|251,730\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|316,132		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 10]]\|\|combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) ''- the code typically used for [[SRF]]''\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|251,730\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|316,132\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 11*]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|100\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|928		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 11*]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing dangerous substances\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|100\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|928\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,151		\|[[EWCChap19\|19 12 12]]\|\|other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|66,865\|\|style='text-align:right;'\|41,151\|
	\|-		\|-
	! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| 753,784 !!style='text-align:right;'\|769,619		! !!style='text-align:right;'\|Totals!!style='text-align:right;'\| 753,784 !!style='text-align:right;'\|769,619\|
	\|}		\|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:27, 31 March 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The production of cement utilizes waste materials in two primary ways, firstly using specific [[Industrial Waste]] and [[Mining & Quarrying Waste]] (and waste from the kiln part of the process itself) as additives and replacement for traditional raw materials, and secondly as a fuel to substitute for the use of traditional fossil fuels in [[Cement Kilns]]. In 2018 1,414,195 tonnes of waste was used as raw materials and fuel in the production of cement, with just over 43% of kiln thermal input replaced by [[Waste Derived Fuel]]. The five companies manufacturing cement together supplied 78% of the cement consumed in the market in 2018. <ref name=''ref1''>[https://cement.mineralproducts.org/documents/MPA_Cement_SD_Report_2019.pdf MPA Cement Sustainability Report 2019]</ref>		The production of cement utilizes waste materials in two primary ways, firstly using specific [[Industrial Waste]] and [[Mining & Quarrying Waste]] (and waste from the kiln part of the process itself) as additives and replacement for traditional raw materials, and secondly as a fuel to substitute for the use of traditional fossil fuels in [[Cement Kilns]]. In 2018 1,414,195 tonnes of waste was used as raw materials and fuel in the production of cement, with just over 43% of kiln thermal input replaced by [[Waste Derived Fuel]]. The five companies manufacturing cement together supplied 78% of the cement consumed in the market in 2018. <ref name='ref1'>[https://cement.mineralproducts.org/documents/MPA_Cement_SD_Report_2019.pdf MPA Cement Sustainability Report 2019]</ref>
	[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]		[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]
	[[File:Rotary Cement Kiln105454498 a39b402e4f.jpg\|400px\|left\|Picture of Rotary Cement Kiln: source zkg.de]]__TOC__		[[File:Rotary Cement Kiln105454498 a39b402e4f.jpg\|400px\|left\|Picture of Rotary Cement Kiln: source zkg.de]]__TOC__
Line 40:		Line 40:
	The introduction of waste materials - or 'Alternative Raw Materials' as coined by the industry - can be as part of the kiln phase or the final grinding stage and it can be used as an additive or as a fuel in the process.		The introduction of waste materials - or 'Alternative Raw Materials' as coined by the industry - can be as part of the kiln phase or the final grinding stage and it can be used as an additive or as a fuel in the process.

	'''In 1995''' there were 20 'cement factories' in the UK producing around 15 million tonnes a year of cement each year, with the cost of energy in the process representing 40 to 50% of running costs. There was a drive to substitute traditional fuels (coal and petroleum coke) with cheaper fuels slightly before this date, and trials were still running at this time with the ramifications of these trials captured in a Parliamentary Briefing Note<ref>[https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/POST-PN-60/POST-PN-60.pdf Parlimentary Briefing Note 60 April 1995]</ref>. [[Waste Derived Fuel]] had already started to play a more significant role in UK cement processing, in line with other countries (especially in Europe). It started with the use of solvent based hazardous wastes, often referred to as [[Cemfuel]] and by some as a [[Recycled Liquid Fuel]] ([[RLF]]), which was being trialed at a substitution of 50% of traditional coal fuel (although at the time 100% substitution occurred in Belgium). At around the same time shredded/chipped waste [[Tyres\|tyres]] were starting to also be used in some cement kilns as a [[Waste Derived Fuel]] as both the solvent based wastes and tyres had a high [[CV]] and attracted an income from taking them into a cement kiln. '''By 1998''' the Mineral Products Association (MPA) reports that 446,511 tonnes of waste by-products were used as fuel and raw materials, accounting for 4% of cement production and the proportion of fuel comprising waste was 5.7%<ref name = ''ref1''/>.		'''In 1995''' there were 20 'cement factories' in the UK producing around 15 million tonnes a year of cement each year, with the cost of energy in the process representing 40 to 50% of running costs. There was a drive to substitute traditional fuels (coal and petroleum coke) with cheaper fuels slightly before this date, and trials were still running at this time with the ramifications of these trials captured in a Parliamentary Briefing Note<ref>[https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/POST-PN-60/POST-PN-60.pdf Parlimentary Briefing Note 60 April 1995]</ref>. [[Waste Derived Fuel]] had already started to play a more significant role in UK cement processing, in line with other countries (especially in Europe). It started with the use of solvent based hazardous wastes, often referred to as [[Cemfuel]] and by some as a [[Recycled Liquid Fuel]] ([[RLF]]), which was being trialed at a substitution of 50% of traditional coal fuel (although at the time 100% substitution occurred in Belgium). At around the same time shredded/chipped waste [[Tyres\|tyres]] were starting to also be used in some cement kilns as a [[Waste Derived Fuel]] as both the solvent based wastes and tyres had a high [[CV]] and attracted an income from taking them into a cement kiln. '''By 1998''' the Mineral Products Association (MPA) reports that 446,511 tonnes of waste by-products were used as fuel and raw materials, accounting for 4% of cement production and the proportion of fuel comprising waste was 5.7%<ref name = 'ref1'/>.

	Cement kilns are an option for disposing of hazardous materials because:		Cement kilns are an option for disposing of hazardous materials because:
Line 50:		Line 50:
	'''By 2005''' the range of alternative fuels had expanded in Europe to include [[Tyres\|tyres]], [[Plastic\|plastic]], [[Paper\|paper]], [[RDF]]/[[SRF]], dried [[Sewage Sludge\|sewage sludge]], [[MBM\|meat and bone meal]] and some other waste streams, with fuel costs typically accounting for 30 to 40% of operating costs<ref>[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/291569/scho0106bjzn-e-e.pdf Environment Agency Science report on Solid Waste Derived Fuels in Cement Kilns, an International perspective]</ref>. This was driven by the cement industry looking to reduce its costs and carbon emissions to make a more sustainable product, and by changes in the waste sector around the [[Landfill Directive]] and the introduction of the [[Landfill Tax]] which made cement kilns an alternative outlet for suitably prepared waste materials/[[Waste Derived Fuel]].		'''By 2005''' the range of alternative fuels had expanded in Europe to include [[Tyres\|tyres]], [[Plastic\|plastic]], [[Paper\|paper]], [[RDF]]/[[SRF]], dried [[Sewage Sludge\|sewage sludge]], [[MBM\|meat and bone meal]] and some other waste streams, with fuel costs typically accounting for 30 to 40% of operating costs<ref>[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/291569/scho0106bjzn-e-e.pdf Environment Agency Science report on Solid Waste Derived Fuels in Cement Kilns, an International perspective]</ref>. This was driven by the cement industry looking to reduce its costs and carbon emissions to make a more sustainable product, and by changes in the waste sector around the [[Landfill Directive]] and the introduction of the [[Landfill Tax]] which made cement kilns an alternative outlet for suitably prepared waste materials/[[Waste Derived Fuel]].

	'''By 2010''' the MPA reports that 1,528,315 tonnes of waste by-products were used as fuel and raw materials in UK cement manufacture, accounting for 7.2% of cement production and the proportion of fuel comprising waste was 39.7%<ref name = ''ref1''/>.		'''By 2010''' the MPA reports that 1,528,315 tonnes of waste by-products were used as fuel and raw materials in UK cement manufacture, accounting for 7.2% of cement production and the proportion of fuel comprising waste was 39.7%<ref name = 'ref1'/>.

	'''By 2018''' the MPA reported there were 12 cement kilns, with 1,414,195 tonnes of recycled content in UK cement manufacture, equivalent to almost 10% of cement production 2018. This same report notes that since 2013 the total waste used has not varied by much more than +/-150,000 tonnes per year, and the proportion fuel comprising waste was 43% in 2018 and has not changed by much more than +/- 1.5% since 2013<ref name = ''ref1''/>.		'''By 2018''' the MPA reported there were 12 cement kilns, with 1,414,195 tonnes of recycled content in UK cement manufacture, equivalent to almost 10% of cement production 2018. This same report notes that since 2013 the total waste used has not varied by much more than +/-150,000 tonnes per year, and the proportion fuel comprising waste was 43% in 2018 and has not changed by much more than +/- 1.5% since 2013<ref name = 'ref1'/>.

	In addition to the use of [[Waste Derived Fuel]] in UK cement kilns [[RDF]], and more commonly [[SRF]] due to its higher [[CV]] and more stringent specification, has been increasingly exported from the UK to Europe since 2009. This has been driven by demand in Europe, combined with a flat demand in the UK cement kilns, and an increasing [[Landfill Tax]] that has has made export commercially viable/attractive.		In addition to the use of [[Waste Derived Fuel]] in UK cement kilns [[RDF]], and more commonly [[SRF]] due to its higher [[CV]] and more stringent specification, has been increasingly exported from the UK to Europe since 2009. This has been driven by demand in Europe, combined with a flat demand in the UK cement kilns, and an increasing [[Landfill Tax]] that has has made export commercially viable/attractive.
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	{{#get_db_data: db=engy \|from=cementkilns \|data=site=site,id=id,company=company,ctype=ctype}}		{{#get_db_data: db=engy \|from=cementkilns \|data=site=site,id=id,company=company,ctype=ctype}}

	There are 12 operational cement kilns in the UK, listed below and shown on the map in green, and more detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page. On the map the grinding & blending sites of the same five key operators are also shown coloured white<ref name = ''ref1''/> - these sites do not have a kiln on site and do not have a permit or any record of handling waste:		There are 12 operational cement kilns in the UK, listed below and shown on the map in green, and more detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page. On the map the grinding & blending sites of the same five key operators are also shown coloured white<ref name = 'ref1'/> - these sites do not have a kiln on site and do not have a permit or any record of handling waste:
	[[File:Cementkilns.png\|600px\|right\|Cement Kilns in the UK]]		[[File:Cementkilns.png\|600px\|right\|Cement Kilns in the UK]]
	{\|Class="wikitable"		{\|Class="wikitable"
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	==Use of Waste - Current Context==		==Use of Waste - Current Context==
	The UK cement kilns, on the whole, have waste permits and complete returns of the waste handled each quarter. The most recent data for each site is listed in the site specific page per cement kiln, although no returns have been made/are available for [[Cookstown]], [[Purfleet]] and [[Dunbar]]. An analysis of the waste returns is shown below - out of the 1,414,195 tonnes reported by the MPA (in 2018)<ref name = ''ref1''/>. The difference can be accounted for via several factors:		The UK cement kilns, on the whole, have waste permits and complete returns of the waste handled each quarter. The most recent data for each site is listed in the site specific page per cement kiln, although no returns have been made/are available for [[Cookstown]], [[Purfleet]] and [[Dunbar]]. An analysis of the waste returns is shown below - out of the 1,414,195 tonnes reported by the MPA (in 2018)<ref name = 'ref1'/>. The difference can be accounted for via several factors:
	* There are no returns for 3 cement kilns		* There are no returns for 3 cement kilns
	* The material may not be captured by the waste reports <ref> As an example, Blast Furnace Slag is considered a primary input for this type of cement, it is not defined as waste by the producer and therefore is not normally captured in [[UK Waste Tonnage]] figures or waste permit returns</ref>		* The material may not be captured by the waste reports <ref> As an example, Blast Furnace Slag is considered a primary input for this type of cement, it is not defined as waste by the producer and therefore is not normally captured in [[UK Waste Tonnage]] figures or waste permit returns</ref>