Knostrop Clinical Waste Incinerator - Revision history

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	==Summary==		==Summary==
	[[Clinical Waste Incinerator]] operated by [[SRCL]] and located adjacent to Knostrop Treatment Works, Leeds, with an annual throughput limit of 17,000 tonnes.		[[Clinical Waste Incinerator]] operated by [[SRCL]] and located adjacent to Knostrop Treatment Works, Leeds, of a twin-line [[Grate\|stepped hearth design]], with an annual throughput limit of 17,000 tonnes.

	==Plant<ref name="Adden">Annual Performance Report 2020</ref>==		==Plant<ref name="Adden">Annual Performance Report 2020</ref>==
	The Leeds incinerator consists of two streams, known as the East and West streams, each with a nominal throughput of one tonne of clinical waste per hour. The [[Environmental Permit\|permit]] sets an annual throughput limit of ~~8500~~ tonnes on each stream, with lower limits on specific [[Waste\|waste]] types. The two streams are independent of each other, so that one stream can still be operated while the other stream is shut down for maintenance.		The Leeds incinerator consists of two streams, known as the East and West streams, each with a nominal throughput of one tonne of [[Clinical Waste\|clinical waste]] per hour. The [[Environmental Permit\|permit]] sets an annual throughput limit of 8,500 tonnes on each stream, with lower limits on specific [[Waste\|waste]] types. The two streams are independent of each other, so that one stream can still be operated while the other stream is shut down for maintenance.

	The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.		The two [[Incineration\|incinerators]] are of [[Grate\|stepped hearth design]], with three main [[combustion]] [[Grate\|hearths]] and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first [[Grate\|hearth]], and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first [[Grate\|hearth]], until it falls off the end onto the second [[Grate\|hearth]] where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second [[Grate\|hearth]] onto the third [[Grate\|hearth]], where it burns out to produce an [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|ash]]. This [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|bottom ash]] is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|bottom ash]] being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.

	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The [[Flue Gas\|flue gases]] are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and [[wikipedia:Economizer\| economiser]], before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the [[Flue Gas\|flue gases]] entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the [[wikipedia:Chimney\|stack]] are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

	The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|bottom ash]] and [[Fly Ash\|spent lime]]. The [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|bottom ash]] is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The [[Fly Ash\|spent lime]], which is the residue from the [[Flue Gas\|flue gas]] abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.
	{{EAIn\|EPR={{#var:epr}}}}		{{EAIn\|EPR={{#var:epr}}}}

	==References==		==References==

Northern Chick: /* PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020 */

2021-06-16T14:18:07Z

PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:18, 16 June 2021
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	The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.		The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.

	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[~~Wikipedia:~~Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

Northern Chick: /* PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020 */

2021-06-16T14:16:56Z

PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 16 June 2021
Line 12:		Line 12:
	The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.		The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.

	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:~~Dioxin~~\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

Northern Chick: /* PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020 */ new web link

2021-06-16T14:15:45Z

PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020: new web link

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:15, 16 June 2021
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	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:~~Dioxin~~\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

	The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.

Northern Chick: /* PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020 */ web link to lime

2021-06-16T13:49:21Z

PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020: web link to lime

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:49, 16 June 2021
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	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:~~lime~~\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

	The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.

Northern Chick: /* PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020 */ new link to Lime

2021-06-16T13:47:29Z

PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020: new link to Lime

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 16 June 2021
Line 14:		Line 14:
	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered lime (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:lime\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

	The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.

Northern Chick: inserting web links

2021-06-16T11:09:26Z

inserting web links

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:09, 16 June 2021
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	[[Clinical Waste Incinerator]] operated by [[SRCL]] and located adjacent to Knostrop Treatment Works, Leeds, with an annual throughput limit of 17,000 tonnes.		[[Clinical Waste Incinerator]] operated by [[SRCL]] and located adjacent to Knostrop Treatment Works, Leeds, with an annual throughput limit of 17,000 tonnes.
	==Plant<ref name="Adden">Annual Performance Report 2020</ref>==		==Plant<ref name="Adden">Annual Performance Report 2020</ref>==
	The Leeds incinerator consists of two streams, known as the East and West streams, each with a nominal throughput of one tonne of clinical waste per hour. The permit sets an annual throughput limit of 8500 tonnes on each stream, with lower limits on specific waste types. The two streams are independent of each other, so that one stream can still be operated while the other stream is shut down for maintenance.		The Leeds incinerator consists of two streams, known as the East and West streams, each with a nominal throughput of one tonne of clinical waste per hour. The [[Environmental Permit\|permit]] sets an annual throughput limit of 8500 tonnes on each stream, with lower limits on specific [[Waste\|waste]] types. The two streams are independent of each other, so that one stream can still be operated while the other stream is shut down for maintenance.

	The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. Clinical ~~waste~~ is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the waste, onto the first hearth, and the combustion process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the waste along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the waste burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The waste is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.		The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.

	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any Carbon Monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, and dioxins and furans produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered lime (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered activated carbon are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual dioxins and furans before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, particulate matter (dust), Volatile Organic Compounds, oxygen and moisture content.		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered lime (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

	The incineration process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a landfill cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.
	{{EAIn\|EPR={{#var:epr}}}}		{{EAIn\|EPR={{#var:epr}}}}

	==References==		==References==

Admin: /* PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020 */

2021-06-16T09:12:51Z

PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:12, 16 June 2021
Line 14:		Line 14:
	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any Carbon Monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, and dioxins and furans produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any Carbon Monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, and dioxins and furans produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered lime (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered activated carbon are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual dioxins and furans before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for Hydrogen Chloride, Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, particulate matter (dust), Volatile Organic Compounds, oxygen and moisture content.		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered lime (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered activated carbon are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual dioxins and furans before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, particulate matter (dust), Volatile Organic Compounds, oxygen and moisture content.

	The incineration process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a landfill cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The incineration process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a landfill cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.

Northern Chick at 13:33, 15 June 2021

2021-06-15T13:33:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:33, 15 June 2021
Line 7:		Line 7:
	==Summary==		==Summary==
	[[Clinical Waste Incinerator]] operated by [[SRCL]] and located adjacent to Knostrop Treatment Works, Leeds, with an annual throughput limit of 17,000 tonnes.		[[Clinical Waste Incinerator]] operated by [[SRCL]] and located adjacent to Knostrop Treatment Works, Leeds, with an annual throughput limit of 17,000 tonnes.

	==Plant<ref name="Adden">Annual Performance Report 2020</ref>==		==Plant<ref name="Adden">Annual Performance Report 2020</ref>==
	The Leeds incinerator consists of two streams, known as the East and West streams, each with a nominal throughput of one tonne of clinical waste per hour. The permit sets an annual throughput limit of 8500 tonnes on each stream, with lower limits on specific waste types. The two streams are independent of each other, so that one stream can still be operated while the other stream is shut down for maintenance.		The Leeds incinerator consists of two streams, known as the East and West streams, each with a nominal throughput of one tonne of clinical waste per hour. The permit sets an annual throughput limit of 8500 tonnes on each stream, with lower limits on specific waste types. The two streams are independent of each other, so that one stream can still be operated while the other stream is shut down for maintenance.

Northern Chick: /* PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020 */ new text

2021-06-15T13:32:53Z

PlantAnnual Performance Report 2020: new text

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 15 June 2021
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	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any Carbon Monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, and dioxins and furans produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any Carbon Monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, and dioxins and furans produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

			The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered lime (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered activated carbon are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual dioxins and furans before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for Hydrogen Chloride, Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, particulate matter (dust), Volatile Organic Compounds, oxygen and moisture content.

			The incineration process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a landfill cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.
	{{EAIn\|EPR={{#var:epr}}}}		{{EAIn\|EPR={{#var:epr}}}}

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:46, 25 June 2021
Line 6:		Line 6:

	==Summary==		==Summary==
	[[Clinical Waste Incinerator]] operated by [[SRCL]] and located adjacent to Knostrop Treatment Works, Leeds, with an annual throughput limit of 17,000 tonnes.		[[Clinical Waste Incinerator]] operated by [[SRCL]] and located adjacent to Knostrop Treatment Works, Leeds, of a twin-line [[Grate\|stepped hearth design]], with an annual throughput limit of 17,000 tonnes.

	==Plant<ref name="Adden">Annual Performance Report 2020</ref>==		==Plant<ref name="Adden">Annual Performance Report 2020</ref>==
	The Leeds incinerator consists of two streams, known as the East and West streams, each with a nominal throughput of one tonne of clinical waste per hour. The [[Environmental Permit\|permit]] sets an annual throughput limit of ~~8500~~ tonnes on each stream, with lower limits on specific [[Waste\|waste]] types. The two streams are independent of each other, so that one stream can still be operated while the other stream is shut down for maintenance.		The Leeds incinerator consists of two streams, known as the East and West streams, each with a nominal throughput of one tonne of [[Clinical Waste\|clinical waste]] per hour. The [[Environmental Permit\|permit]] sets an annual throughput limit of 8,500 tonnes on each stream, with lower limits on specific [[Waste\|waste]] types. The two streams are independent of each other, so that one stream can still be operated while the other stream is shut down for maintenance.

	The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.		The two [[Incineration\|incinerators]] are of [[Grate\|stepped hearth design]], with three main [[combustion]] [[Grate\|hearths]] and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first [[Grate\|hearth]], and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first [[Grate\|hearth]], until it falls off the end onto the second [[Grate\|hearth]] where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second [[Grate\|hearth]] onto the third [[Grate\|hearth]], where it burns out to produce an [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|ash]]. This [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|bottom ash]] is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|bottom ash]] being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.

	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The [[Flue Gas\|flue gases]] are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and [[wikipedia:Economizer\| economiser]], before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the [[Flue Gas\|flue gases]] entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the [[wikipedia:Chimney\|stack]] are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

	The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|bottom ash]] and [[Fly Ash\|spent lime]]. The [[Incinerator Bottom Ash\|bottom ash]] is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The [[Fly Ash\|spent lime]], which is the residue from the [[Flue Gas\|flue gas]] abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.
	{{EAIn\|EPR={{#var:epr}}}}		{{EAIn\|EPR={{#var:epr}}}}

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:18, 16 June 2021
Line 12:		Line 12:
	The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.		The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.

	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[~~Wikipedia:~~Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 16 June 2021
Line 12:		Line 12:
	The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.		The two incinerators are of stepped hearth design, with three main combustion hearths and an ash box. [[Clinical Waste]] is loaded mechanically direct from the wheeled bins used to deliver the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]], onto the first hearth, and the [[Combustion\|combustion]] process commences. Hydraulic rams operate at intervals to push the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] along the first hearth, until it falls off the end onto the second hearth where the [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] burns vigorously at a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. The [[Clinical Waste\|waste]] is then pushed from the second hearth onto the third hearth, where it burns out to produce an ash. This bottom ash is then pushed into an ash box, where the fixed carbon in the ash is further burned out. The retention time on the hearths is approximately 12 hours, with the bottom ash being retained in the ash box for up to 8 hours before being dropped into a skip. Ram movements are programmed in relation to the number of bins fed.

	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:~~Dioxin~~\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:15, 16 June 2021
Line 14:		Line 14:
	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:~~Dioxin~~\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

	The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:49, 16 June 2021
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	The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.		The flue gases from the [[Incineration]] process then pass through a secondary chamber, or afterburner, where any gaseous products of [[Combustion]] are burned out under oxygen rich conditions. This stage is designed to destroy any [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], and [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] produced by the [[Combustion]] process.

	The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:~~lime~~\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].		The flue gases are then cooled by passing through a waste-heat boiler and economiser, before passing into the final, abatement section of the process. Powdered [[Wikipedia:Lime (material)\|lime]] (Calcium Hydroxide) and powdered [[wikipedia:Activated carbon\|activated carbon]] are added to the flue gases entering the abatement process to remove acid gases, heavy metals and residual [[Wikipedia:Dioxin\|dioxins]] and [[Wikipedia:Furan\|furans]] before discharge to atmosphere from the stack. The flue gases being discharged from the stack are continuously monitored for [[wikipedia:Hydrogen chloride\|Hydrogen Chloride]], [[wikipedia:Sulfur dioxide\|Sulphur Dioxide]], [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide\|Carbon Monoxide]], [[Wikipedia:Nitrogen oxide\|Oxides of Nitrogen]], particulate matter (dust), [[Wikipedia:Volatile organic compound\|Volatile Organic Compounds]], [[Wikipedia:Oxygen\|oxygen]] and [[Moisture Content\|moisture content]].

	The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.		The [[Incineration\|incineration]] process produces two residues; bottom ash and spent lime. The bottom ash is sent to a recycling transfer station for reprocessing, the bulk of the material ultimately ending up as a [[Landfill\|landfill]] cover material. The spent lime, which is the residue from the flue gas abatement process, went to a site in Leeds where it is used to neutralise acidic wastes.