Plasma: Difference between revisions

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Advanced [[Plasma]] reactors convert [[Waste|waste]] into [[Syngas|synthetic gases]] with the aim of removing unwanted materials and recycling energy. The main component is the gas [[Plasma|plasmas]] which are formed by freeing electrons from gas molecules and atoms using external energy sources. Insignificant emissions of [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] and very high efficiency in these reactors have created a high incentive for using them. Different types of [[Waste|wastes]] including [[MSW|municipal]], [[[Clinical Waste|clinical]], [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous]]~~, and poisonous~~, chemical dissolvent, ~~heavy~~ [[~~Metal~~|metals]], and [[Plastic|plastics]] can be thermally treated using this method<ref name="ref1">[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-016-5347-7#Fig1 Plasma Incinerator Reactor]</ref>.

[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]

Advanced [[Plasma]] reactors convert [[Waste|waste]] into [[Syngas|synthetic gases]] with the aim of removing unwanted materials and recycling energy and as a result is often defined in terms of a type of [[gasification]]. The main component is the gas [[Plasma|plasmas]] which are formed by freeing electrons from gas molecules and atoms using external energy sources. Insignificant emissions of [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] and very high efficiency in these reactors have created a high incentive for using them and an established commercial technology. However, it can be a very complex, expensive and operator-intensive process<ref name="ref2">[https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration]</ref>. Different types of [[Waste|wastes]] including [[MSW|municipal]], [[Clinical Waste|clinical]], [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous]], chemical dissolvent, [[Wikipedia:Heavy metals|heavy metals]], and [[Plastic|plastics]] can be thermally treated using this method<ref name="ref1">[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-016-5347-7#Fig1 Plasma Incinerator Reactor]</ref>.

==Plasma Incineration Reactor==

[[File:Plasma ~~Arc~~ Incinerator.png|300px|right|Plasma Incinerator Reactor]]

Parts of the [[Plasma]] reactor explained:

#The [[Waste|waste]] input at the top where [[Feedstock|feedstock]] enters the chamber.

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==Plasma Incineration Mechanism==

The [[Plasma]] technology creates a very high temperature, between 1000-15,000°C<ref>[https://www.explainthatstuff.com/plasma-arc-recycling.html Plasma Arc Waste Recycling]</ref>, due to a direct current between the anode and cathode of the [[Plasma]] torch. This extremely high temperature in chamber decomposes the [[Waste|waste]] and organic and poisonous compounds in milliseconds and so the production of secondary [[Combustion|combustion]] products and polluted gases is avoided. Instead, [[Syngas|synthetic gases]] are produced that are used to generate electricity or can be used in various industries as a substitute for diesel fuels. Minerals are converted into melting residuum/[[Fly Ash|ash]] for discharge or it can be used in [[Recycling|recycling]] and petrochemical industries<ref name="ref1" />.

The [[Plasma]] technology creates a very high temperature, between 1000-15,000°C<ref>[https://www.explainthatstuff.com/plasma-arc-recycling.html Plasma Arc Waste Recycling]</ref>, due to a direct current between the anode and cathode of the [[Plasma]] torch. This extremely high temperature in chamber completely decomposes the [[Waste|waste]] and organic and poisonous compounds in milliseconds. Plasma processes have high destruction efficiencies of >99.99%<ref name="ref2" /> and so the production of secondary [[Combustion|combustion]] products and polluted gases is avoided. Instead, [[Syngas|synthetic gases]] are produced that are used to generate electricity or can be used in various industries as a substitute for diesel fuels. Minerals are converted into melting residuum/[[Fly Ash|ash]] for discharge or it can be used in [[Recycling|recycling]] and petrochemical industries<ref name="ref1" />.

==Application in UK==

The only known application of the technology in the UK was the [[Alter NRG]] technology at [[Air Products]] in Teeside, where two 50MW facilities (TV1 and TV2) were progressed before being suspended at an advanced construction stage in late 2015 due to technological issues<ref>[https://waste-management-world.com/a/air-products-to-ditch-plasma-gasification-waste-to-energy-plants-in-teesside Article from Waste Management World]</ref>.

==References==

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-Advanced [[Plasma]] reactors convert [[Waste|waste]] into [[Syngas|synthetic gases]] with the aim of removing unwanted materials and recycling energy. The main component is the gas [[Plasma|plasmas]] which are formed by freeing electrons from gas molecules and atoms using external energy sources. Insignificant emissions of [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] and very high efficiency in these reactors have created a high incentive for using them. Different types of [[Waste|wastes]] including [[MSW|municipal]], [[[Clinical Waste|clinical]], [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous]], and poisonous, chemical dissolvent, heavy [[Metal|metals]], and [[Plastic|plastics]] can be thermally treated using this method<ref name="ref1">[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-016-5347-7#Fig1 Plasma Incinerator Reactor]</ref>.
+[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]
+Advanced [[Plasma]] reactors convert [[Waste|waste]] into [[Syngas|synthetic gases]] with the aim of removing unwanted materials and recycling energy and as a result is often defined in terms of a type of [[gasification]]. The main component is the gas [[Plasma|plasmas]] which are formed by freeing electrons from gas molecules and atoms using external energy sources. Insignificant emissions of [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] and very high efficiency in these reactors have created a high incentive for using them and an established commercial technology. However, it can be a very complex, expensive and operator-intensive process<ref name="ref2">[https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration]</ref>. Different types of [[Waste|wastes]] including [[MSW|municipal]], [[Clinical Waste|clinical]], [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous]], chemical dissolvent, [[Wikipedia:Heavy metals|heavy metals]], and [[Plastic|plastics]] can be thermally treated using this method<ref name="ref1">[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-016-5347-7#Fig1 Plasma Incinerator Reactor]</ref>.
 <br clear=all />
 ==Plasma Incineration Reactor==
-[[File:Plasma Arc Incinerator.png|300px|right|Plasma Incinerator Reactor]]
+[[File:Scheme of a Plasma Incinerator Reactor.png|300px|right|Scheme of a Plasma Incinerator Reactor. All Rights Reserved]]
 Parts of the [[Plasma]] reactor explained:
 #The [[Waste|waste]] input at the top where [[Feedstock|feedstock]] enters the chamber.
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 ==Plasma Incineration Mechanism==
-The [[Plasma]] technology creates a very high temperature, between 1000-15,000°C<ref>[https://www.explainthatstuff.com/plasma-arc-recycling.html Plasma Arc Waste Recycling]</ref>, due to a direct current between the anode and cathode of the [[Plasma]] torch. This extremely high temperature in chamber decomposes the [[Waste|waste]] and organic and poisonous compounds in milliseconds and so the production of secondary [[Combustion|combustion]] products and polluted gases is avoided. Instead, [[Syngas|synthetic gases]] are produced that are used to generate electricity or can be used in various industries as a substitute for diesel fuels. Minerals are converted into melting residuum/[[Fly Ash|ash]] for discharge or it can be used in [[Recycling|recycling]] and petrochemical industries<ref name="ref1" />.
+The [[Plasma]] technology creates a very high temperature, between 1000-15,000°C<ref>[https://www.explainthatstuff.com/plasma-arc-recycling.html Plasma Arc Waste Recycling]</ref>, due to a direct current between the anode and cathode of the [[Plasma]] torch. This extremely high temperature in chamber completely decomposes the [[Waste|waste]] and organic and poisonous compounds in milliseconds. Plasma processes have high destruction efficiencies of >99.99%<ref name="ref2" /> and so the production of secondary [[Combustion|combustion]] products and polluted gases is avoided. Instead, [[Syngas|synthetic gases]] are produced that are used to generate electricity or can be used in various industries as a substitute for diesel fuels. Minerals are converted into melting residuum/[[Fly Ash|ash]] for discharge or it can be used in [[Recycling|recycling]] and petrochemical industries<ref name="ref1" />.
 <br clear=all />
+==Application in UK==
+The only known application of the technology in the UK was the [[Alter NRG]] technology at [[Air Products]] in Teeside, where two 50MW facilities (TV1 and TV2) were progressed before being suspended at an advanced construction stage in late 2015 due to technological issues<ref>[https://waste-management-world.com/a/air-products-to-ditch-plasma-gasification-waste-to-energy-plants-in-teesside Article from Waste Management World]</ref>.
 ==References==
 <references />