Biofuel: Difference between revisions

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[[Category: ~~Tonnages~~ & Waste Types]]

[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]]

[[~~biofuel~~|Biofuels]] are non-fossil fuels. They are energy carriers that store the energy derived from organic materials ([[Biomass|biomass]]), including plant materials and animal waste<ref name="BIO">[https://www.greenfacts.org/en/biofuels/l-2/1-definition.htm/ Green Facts.org]</ref>. they may be solid, such as fuelwood, charcoal and wood pellets; liquid such as ethanol, biodiesel and [[Pyrolysis|pyrolysis]] oils; or gaseous such as [[Biogas|biogas]]<ref name="BIO" />.

[[Biofuel|Biofuels]] are non-fossil fuels. They are energy carriers that store the energy derived from organic materials ([[Biomass|biomass]]), including plant materials and animal waste<ref name="BIO">[https://www.greenfacts.org/en/biofuels/l-2/1-definition.htm/ Green Facts.org]</ref>. they may be solid, such as fuelwood, charcoal and wood pellets; liquid such as ethanol, biodiesel and [[Pyrolysis|pyrolysis]] oils; or gaseous such as [[Biogas|biogas]]<ref name="BIO" />.

==Overview==

[[Biofuel|Biofuels]] are fuels produced directly or indirectly from organic material - [[Biomass|biomass]], including plant materials and animal waste. Biofuels can be solid, gaseous or liquid, even though the term often refers only to liquid biofuels for transport<ref name="BIO" />.

[[Biofuel|Biofuels]] are fuels produced directly or indirectly from organic material - [[Biomass|biomass]], including plant materials and animal waste. [[Biofuel|Biofuels]] can be solid, gaseous or liquid, even though the term often refers only to liquid biofuels for transport<ref name="BIO" />.

[[Biofuel|Biofuels]] may be derived from agricultural crops, including conventional food plants or from special energy crops. [[Biofuel|Biofuels]] may also be derived from forestry, agricultural or fishery products or [[Municipal Solid Waste|municipal wastes]], as well as from agro-industry, food industry and food service by-products and [[Waste|wastes]]<ref name="BIO" />.

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==Biofuels for transport<ref name="BIO" />==

The most widely used liquid biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.

The most widely used liquid biofuels are [[wikipedia:Ethanol|ethanol]] and [[Wikipedia:Biodiesel|biodiesel]].

'''Ethanol''' is a type of alcohol that can be produced using any feedstock containing significant amounts of sugar, such as sugar cane or sugar beet, or starch, such as maize and wheat. Sugar can be directly fermented to alcohol, while starch first needs to be converted to sugar. The fermentation process is similar to that used to make wine or beer, and pure ethanol is obtained by distillation. The main producers are Brazil and the USA.

Ethanol can be blended with petrol or burned in nearly pure form in slightly modified spark-ignition engines. A litre of ethanol contains approximately two thirds of the energy provided by a litre of petrol. However, when mixed with petrol, it improves the combustion performance and lowers the emissions of carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide.

[[wikipedia:Ethanol|Ethanol]] can be blended with petrol or burned in nearly pure form in slightly modified spark-ignition engines. A litre of ethanol contains approximately two thirds of the energy provided by a litre of petrol. However, when mixed with petrol, it improves the combustion performance and lowers the emissions of [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide|carbon monoxide]] and [[Wikipedia:Sulfur oxide|sulphur oxide]].

'''Biodiesel''' is produced, mainly in the [[European Union]], by combining vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol. Biodiesel can be blended with traditional diesel fuel or burned in its pure form in compression ignition engines. Its energy content is somewhat less than that of diesel (88 to 95%). Biodiesel can be derived from a wide range of oils, including rapeseed, soybean, palm, coconut or jatropha oils and therefore the resulting fuels can display a greater variety of physical properties, such as viscosity and combustibility than ethanol.

'''Biodiesel''' is produced, mainly in the [[European Union]], by combining vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol. Biodiesel can be blended with traditional diesel fuel or burned in its pure form in compression ignition engines. Its energy content is somewhat less than that of diesel (88 to 95%). [[Wikipedia:Biodiesel|biodiesel]] can be derived from a wide range of oils, including rapeseed, soybean, palm, coconut or jatropha oils and therefore the resulting fuels can display a greater variety of physical properties, such as viscosity and combustibility than [[wikipedia:Ethanol|ethanol]].

==Second-generation Biofuels<ref name="BIO" />==

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-[[Category: Tonnages & Waste Types]]
+[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]]
-[[biofuel|Biofuels]] are non-fossil fuels. They are energy carriers that store the energy derived from organic materials ([[Biomass|biomass]]), including plant materials and animal waste<ref name="BIO">[https://www.greenfacts.org/en/biofuels/l-2/1-definition.htm/ Green Facts.org]</ref>. they may be solid, such as fuelwood, charcoal and wood pellets; liquid such as ethanol, biodiesel and [[Pyrolysis|pyrolysis]] oils; or gaseous such as [[Biogas|biogas]]<ref name="BIO" />.
+[[Biofuel|Biofuels]] are non-fossil fuels. They are energy carriers that store the energy derived from organic materials ([[Biomass|biomass]]), including plant materials and animal waste<ref name="BIO">[https://www.greenfacts.org/en/biofuels/l-2/1-definition.htm/ Green Facts.org]</ref>. they may be solid, such as fuelwood, charcoal and wood pellets; liquid such as ethanol, biodiesel and [[Pyrolysis|pyrolysis]] oils; or gaseous such as [[Biogas|biogas]]<ref name="BIO" />.
 ==Overview==
-[[Biofuel|Biofuels]] are fuels produced directly or indirectly from organic material - [[Biomass|biomass]], including plant materials and animal waste. Biofuels can be solid, gaseous or liquid, even though the term often refers only to liquid biofuels for transport<ref name="BIO" />.
+[[Biofuel|Biofuels]] are fuels produced directly or indirectly from organic material - [[Biomass|biomass]], including plant materials and animal waste. [[Biofuel|Biofuels]] can be solid, gaseous or liquid, even though the term often refers only to liquid biofuels for transport<ref name="BIO" />.
 [[Biofuel|Biofuels]] may be derived from agricultural crops, including conventional food plants or from special energy crops. [[Biofuel|Biofuels]] may also be derived from forestry, agricultural or fishery products or [[Municipal Solid Waste|municipal wastes]], as well as from agro-industry, food industry and food service by-products and [[Waste|wastes]]<ref name="BIO" />.
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==Biofuels for transport<ref name="BIO" />==
-The most widely used liquid biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.
+The most widely used liquid biofuels are [[wikipedia:Ethanol|ethanol]] and [[Wikipedia:Biodiesel|biodiesel]].
 '''Ethanol''' is a type of alcohol that can be produced using any feedstock containing significant amounts of sugar, such as sugar cane or sugar beet, or starch, such as maize and wheat. Sugar can be directly fermented to alcohol, while starch first needs to be converted to sugar. The fermentation process is similar to that used to make wine or beer, and pure ethanol is obtained by distillation. The main producers are Brazil and the USA.
-Ethanol can be blended with petrol or burned in nearly pure form in slightly modified spark-ignition engines. A litre of ethanol contains approximately two thirds of the energy provided by a litre of petrol. However, when mixed with petrol, it improves the combustion performance and lowers the emissions of carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide.
+[[wikipedia:Ethanol|Ethanol]] can be blended with petrol or burned in nearly pure form in slightly modified spark-ignition engines. A litre of ethanol contains approximately two thirds of the energy provided by a litre of petrol. However, when mixed with petrol, it improves the combustion performance and lowers the emissions of [[Wikipedia:Carbon monoxide|carbon monoxide]] and [[Wikipedia:Sulfur oxide|sulphur oxide]].
-'''Biodiesel''' is produced, mainly in the [[European Union]], by combining vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol. Biodiesel can be blended with traditional diesel fuel or burned in its pure form in compression ignition engines. Its energy content is somewhat less than that of diesel (88 to 95%). Biodiesel can be derived from a wide range of oils, including rapeseed, soybean, palm, coconut or jatropha oils and therefore the resulting fuels can display a greater variety of physical properties, such as viscosity and combustibility than ethanol.
+'''Biodiesel''' is produced, mainly in the [[European Union]], by combining vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol. Biodiesel can be blended with traditional diesel fuel or burned in its pure form in compression ignition engines. Its energy content is somewhat less than that of diesel (88 to 95%). [[Wikipedia:Biodiesel|biodiesel]] can be derived from a wide range of oils, including rapeseed, soybean, palm, coconut or jatropha oils and therefore the resulting fuels can display a greater variety of physical properties, such as viscosity and combustibility than [[wikipedia:Ethanol|ethanol]].
 ==Second-generation Biofuels<ref name="BIO" />==