Animal By-product Material: Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | [[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | ||
[[Animal By-product Material]] ([[ABP]]) are animal carcasses, parts of animals, or other materials which come from animals but are not meant for humans to eat. They can either be destroyed (i.e. through [[Incineration]]<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/animal-by-products-how-to-burn-them-at-an-incinerator-site Guidance on ABP Requirements for [[Incineration]]]</ref>) or can be used to make compost in a [[Composting]] facility or [[Biogas]] in an [[Anaerobic Digestion]] facility or can be used to make other products such as [[MBM]]. For more detail on the underpinning legislation and the types of waste 'captured' go to [[Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011]] (the updated regulations that were implemented to manage '''[[Animal By-product Material]]''' following the the foot and mouth outbreak in the UK in 2001<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak Wikipedia Entry for Foot and Mouth Outbreak in UK]</ref>. . | |||
==Categories== | |||
ABPs are divided into 3 categories and need specific approvals alongside other approvals when processing them<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/animal-by-product-categories-site-approval-hygiene-and-disposal#abp-categories-explained: ABP Categories, site approval, hygiene and disposal]</ref>: | ABPs are divided into 3 categories and need specific approvals alongside other approvals when processing them<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/animal-by-product-categories-site-approval-hygiene-and-disposal#abp-categories-explained: ABP Categories, site approval, hygiene and disposal]</ref>: | ||
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* '''Category 3''' - Low Risk: materials include; carcasses or body parts passed fit for humans to eat (at a slaughter house), catering waste, processed animal proteins (PAP) | * '''Category 3''' - Low Risk: materials include; carcasses or body parts passed fit for humans to eat (at a slaughter house), catering waste, processed animal proteins (PAP) | ||
There are specific requirements for using ABPs in a [[Composting]] facility or [[Biogas]]/[[Anaerobic Digestion]] facility<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-animal-by-products-at-compost-and-biogas-sites Using ABP at Compost and Biogas Sites]</ref> which is regulated by [[APHA]]. If the site treats Category 3 ABPs or Category 2 ABPs (that have first been pressure rendered at an approved site) then EU standards for treatment must be met, which also applies to [[MBT]] sites where compost is used on or over land. EU standards are: | ==Process Requirements== | ||
There are specific requirements for using ABPs in a [[Composting]] facility or [[Biogas]]/[[Anaerobic Digestion]] facility<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-animal-by-products-at-compost-and-biogas-sites Using [[ABP]] at Compost and Biogas Sites]</ref> which is regulated by [[APHA]]. If the site treats Category 3 ABPs or Category 2 ABPs (that have first been [[Rendering|pressure-rendered]] at an approved site) then EU standards for treatment must be met, which also applies to [[MBT]] sites where compost is used on or over land. EU standards are: | |||
* treat ABPs at 70<sup>o</sup>C for an hour with maximum particle size of 12mm | * treat ABPs at 70<sup>o</sup>C for an hour with maximum particle size of 12mm | ||
* sterilise Category 2 ABPs at 133<sup>o</sup>C with 3 bar pressure for 20 minutes | * sterilise Category 2 ABPs at 133<sup>o</sup>C with 3 bar pressure for 20 minutes | ||
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* include a pasteurisation stage in [[Anaerobic Digestion]] of Category 3 ABPs | * include a pasteurisation stage in [[Anaerobic Digestion]] of Category 3 ABPs | ||
If only Category 3 catering waste and Category 2 ABPs including manure, digestive tract, dairy product | If only Category 3 catering waste and Category 2 ABPs including manure, digestive tract, dairy product, eggs and egg products, are to be processed then UK standards can be applied: | ||
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Latest revision as of 09:03, 17 January 2022
Animal By-product Material (ABP) are animal carcasses, parts of animals, or other materials which come from animals but are not meant for humans to eat. They can either be destroyed (i.e. through Incineration[1]) or can be used to make compost in a Composting facility or Biogas in an Anaerobic Digestion facility or can be used to make other products such as MBM. For more detail on the underpinning legislation and the types of waste 'captured' go to Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011 (the updated regulations that were implemented to manage Animal By-product Material following the the foot and mouth outbreak in the UK in 2001[2]. .
Categories
ABPs are divided into 3 categories and need specific approvals alongside other approvals when processing them[3]:
- Category 1 - High Risk: materials include; body parts suspected of infection with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, specified risk materials and international catering wastes
- Category 2 - High Risk: materials include; animals rejected from abattoirs with infectious diseases, carcasses of dead livestock, manure and digestive tract content
- Category 3 - Low Risk: materials include; carcasses or body parts passed fit for humans to eat (at a slaughter house), catering waste, processed animal proteins (PAP)
Process Requirements
There are specific requirements for using ABPs in a Composting facility or Biogas/Anaerobic Digestion facility[4] which is regulated by APHA. If the site treats Category 3 ABPs or Category 2 ABPs (that have first been pressure-rendered at an approved site) then EU standards for treatment must be met, which also applies to MBT sites where compost is used on or over land. EU standards are:
- treat ABPs at 70oC for an hour with maximum particle size of 12mm
- sterilise Category 2 ABPs at 133oC with 3 bar pressure for 20 minutes
- compost in a closed vessel system approved (as part of site approval) by APHA
- include a pasteurisation stage in Anaerobic Digestion of Category 3 ABPs
If only Category 3 catering waste and Category 2 ABPs including manure, digestive tract, dairy product, eggs and egg products, are to be processed then UK standards can be applied:
| System | Min. Temp. | Min. time at min. temp. | Max. particle size |
|---|---|---|---|
| In vessel composting | 60oC | 2 days | 400mm |
| Biogas/AD | 57oC | 5 hours | 50mm |
| In vessel composting or Biogas/AD | 70oC | 1 hour | 60mm |
| Composting[5] | 60oC | 8 days[6] | 400mm |
Catering waste itself can be treated in two different ways, associated with whether it is 'meat-excluded' or 'non-meat-excluded', and these bring other requirements most notable that non-meat-excluded catering wastes must undertake a two stage process, the first of which must be in an In vessel composting system.
References
- ↑ Guidance on ABP Requirements for Incineration
- ↑ Wikipedia Entry for Foot and Mouth Outbreak in UK
- ↑ ABP Categories, site approval, hygiene and disposal
- ↑ Using ABP at Compost and Biogas Sites
- ↑ Note where windrows are housed/covered
- ↑ windrows must be turned at least 3 times, at no less than 2 day intervals