Carbon Capture Usage and Storage: Difference between revisions

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==Context==

The [[Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy]] ([[BEIS]]) announced its approach to carbon capture in October 2017, creating a task force and development pathway action plan through 2018 and 2019<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-carbon-capture-and-storage-government-funding-and-support GOV.UK Guidance - Accessed November 2021]</ref>. Part of this development plan is to support initiatives in Teeside, Merseyside and ~~Grangemeouth~~ as 'decarbonisation clusters'.

[[CCUS]] involves the following steps<ref>https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cdp-2017-0023/</ref>:

* '''Capturing''' CO2 from power plants or industrial processes using a chemical reaction. Once captured, CO2 is then compressed into a liquid state for transportation.

* '''Transporting''' the CO2 (via pipelines or ships) to deep geological storage points, such as depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers.

* '''Storing''' the CO2 in these sites permanently.

* '''Utilisation'''. As an alternative to storage, this involves the use of CO2 in industrial processes.

The [[Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy]] ([[BEIS]]) announced its approach to developing carbon capture in October 2017, creating a task force and development pathway action plan through 2018 and 2019<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-carbon-capture-and-storage-government-funding-and-support GOV.UK Guidance - Accessed November 2021]</ref>. Part of this development plan is to support initiatives in Teeside, Humberside, Merseyside and Grangemouth as 'decarbonisation clusters', announced by [[BEIS]] in May 2021.

[[BEIS]] have announced support that could see the [[Suez]] [[EfW]] site in Teeside ([[Teeside EfW - lines 1-5 (Teeside & NEERC), Billingham. line 3]])<ref>[https://www.letsrecycle.com/news/suez-backed-carbon-capture-project-wins-government-support/ Letsrecycle.com story - 21st Oct. 2021]</ref> and the [[Viridor]] [[EfW]] site in Merseyside ([[Runcorn EfW]])<ref>[https://www.viridor.co.uk/who-we-are/latest-news/2021-news/viridor-commits-to-fight-against-climate-crisis-by-becoming-first-uk-net-negative-emissions-waste-company/ Viridor Press Release - Accessed Nov. 2021]</ref> develop [[CCUS]] technologies, with [[Viridor]] announcing its intent to invest up to £1billion of [[CCUS]] storage technology in five of its sites<ref>[https://www.viridor.co.uk/who-we-are/latest-news/2021-news/viridor--announces-acceleration-of-deep-decarbonisation-of-the-waste-sector/ Viridor Press Release - Accessed Nov. 2021]</ref>.

In November 2021 [[Cory]] announced its intention to develop CCS technology at its site at [[Riverside Resource Recovery Facility (RRRF)]]<ref>https://www.letsrecycle.com/news/cory-plans-worlds-largest-efw-decarbonisation-project/</ref>.

==Reports in October 2021==

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* [[Eunomia]] ''''''CCUS Development Pathway for the EfW Sector'''''' <ref>[https://www.eunomia.co.uk/reports-tools/ccus-development-pathway-for-the-efw-sector/ Link to Eunomia Website for Download of Report]</ref> (a report commissioned by [[Viridor]])

The reports both refer to carbon emissions from [[EfW]] plants as being approximately 1 tonne of CO2 emitted for 1 tonne of [[MSW]] processed. Whilst [[Eunomia]] set out the potential for reducing emissions from [[EfW]] in their report at a cost of between £66 and £110 per tonne processed, ~~centred~~ on the [[BEIS]] 'decarbonisation clusters', the [[Zero Waste Europe]] report suggests these costs will be higher and that the push towards [[CCS]] for [[EfW]] plants distract from managing waste further up the [[Waste Hierarchy | waste hierarchy]].

The reports both refer to carbon emissions from [[EfW]] plants as being approximately 1 tonne of CO2 'emitted' for 1 tonne of [[MSW]] processed whilst the document referenced<ref name="Inc">[https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf BAT and BREF for Waste incineration]</ref> on page 152 refers to a range of between 0.7 and 1.7 tonnes of CO2 'generated' per tonne of [[MSW]] waste due to its heterogeneous nature. The document further identifies that between 33% and 50% of this carbon is of fossil origin (i.e. [[Plastic]]) which is considered relevant to climate change. This differs from the [[Wikipedia:Global warming potential|CO2e]] for a [[combustion]] facility set out by [[BEIS]], where the figure used is 21.294kg [[Wikipedia:Global warming potential|CO2e]] per tonne of [[MSW]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2021</ref>.

Whilst [[Eunomia]] set out the potential for reducing emissions from [[EfW]] in their report at a cost of between £66 and £110 per tonne processed<ref> The report acknowledges other studies at figures around £170 per tonne</ref>, initially centered on the [[BEIS]] 'decarbonisation clusters', the [[Zero Waste Europe]] report suggests these costs will be higher and that the push towards [[CCS]] for [[EfW]] plants distract from investing and managing waste further up the [[Waste Hierarchy | waste hierarchy]].

==References==

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Context==
-The [[Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy]] ([[BEIS]]) announced its approach to carbon capture in October 2017, creating a task force and development pathway action plan through 2018 and 2019<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-carbon-capture-and-storage-government-funding-and-support GOV.UK Guidance - Accessed November 2021]</ref>. Part of this development plan is to support initiatives in Teeside, Merseyside and Grangemeouth as 'decarbonisation clusters'.
+[[CCUS]] involves the following steps<ref>https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cdp-2017-0023/</ref>:
+* '''Capturing''' CO<sub>2</sub> from power plants or industrial processes using a chemical reaction. Once captured, CO<sub>2</sub> is then compressed into a liquid state for transportation.
+* '''Transporting''' the CO<sub>2</sub> (via pipelines or ships) to deep geological storage points, such as depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers.
+* '''Storing''' the CO<sub>2</sub> in these sites permanently.
+* '''Utilisation'''. As an alternative to storage, this involves the use of CO<sub>2</sub> in industrial processes.
+The [[Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy]] ([[BEIS]]) announced its approach to developing carbon capture in October 2017, creating a task force and development pathway action plan through 2018 and 2019<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-carbon-capture-and-storage-government-funding-and-support GOV.UK Guidance - Accessed November 2021]</ref>. Part of this development plan is to support initiatives in Teeside, Humberside, Merseyside and Grangemouth as 'decarbonisation clusters', announced by [[BEIS]] in May 2021.
 [[BEIS]] have announced support that could see the [[Suez]] [[EfW]] site in Teeside ([[Teeside EfW - lines 1-5 (Teeside & NEERC), Billingham. line 3]])<ref>[https://www.letsrecycle.com/news/suez-backed-carbon-capture-project-wins-government-support/ Letsrecycle.com story - 21st Oct. 2021]</ref> and the [[Viridor]] [[EfW]] site in Merseyside ([[Runcorn EfW]])<ref>[https://www.viridor.co.uk/who-we-are/latest-news/2021-news/viridor-commits-to-fight-against-climate-crisis-by-becoming-first-uk-net-negative-emissions-waste-company/ Viridor Press Release - Accessed Nov. 2021]</ref> develop [[CCUS]] technologies, with [[Viridor]] announcing its intent to invest up to £1billion of [[CCUS]] storage technology in five of its sites<ref>[https://www.viridor.co.uk/who-we-are/latest-news/2021-news/viridor--announces-acceleration-of-deep-decarbonisation-of-the-waste-sector/ Viridor Press Release - Accessed Nov. 2021]</ref>.
+In November 2021 [[Cory]] announced its intention to develop CCS technology at its site at [[Riverside Resource Recovery Facility (RRRF)]]<ref>https://www.letsrecycle.com/news/cory-plans-worlds-largest-efw-decarbonisation-project/</ref>.
 ==Reports in October 2021==
@@ Line 12: / Line 20: @@
 * [[Eunomia]] ''''''CCUS Development Pathway for the EfW Sector'''''' <ref>[https://www.eunomia.co.uk/reports-tools/ccus-development-pathway-for-the-efw-sector/ Link to Eunomia Website for Download of Report]</ref> (a report commissioned by [[Viridor]])
-The reports both refer to carbon emissions from [[EfW]] plants as being approximately 1 tonne of CO<sub>2</sub> emitted for 1 tonne of [[MSW]] processed. Whilst [[Eunomia]] set out the potential for reducing emissions from [[EfW]] in their report at a cost of between £66 and £110 per tonne processed, centred on the [[BEIS]] 'decarbonisation clusters', the [[Zero Waste Europe]] report suggests these costs will be higher and that the push towards [[CCS]] for [[EfW]] plants distract from managing waste further up the [[Waste Hierarchy | waste hierarchy]].
+The reports both refer to carbon emissions from [[EfW]] plants as being approximately 1 tonne of CO<sub>2</sub> 'emitted' for 1 tonne of [[MSW]] processed whilst the document referenced<ref name="Inc">[https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf BAT and BREF for Waste incineration]</ref> on page 152 refers to a range of between 0.7 and 1.7 tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> 'generated' per tonne of [[MSW]] waste due to its heterogeneous nature. The document further identifies that between 33% and 50% of this carbon is of fossil origin (i.e. [[Plastic]]) which is considered relevant to climate change. This differs from the [[Wikipedia:Global warming potential|CO<sub>2</sub>e]] for a [[combustion]] facility set out by [[BEIS]], where the figure used is 21.294kg [[Wikipedia:Global warming potential|CO<sub>2</sub>e]] per tonne of [[MSW]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2021</ref>.
+Whilst [[Eunomia]] set out the potential for reducing emissions from [[EfW]] in their report at a cost of between £66 and £110 per tonne processed<ref> The report acknowledges other studies at figures around £170 per tonne</ref>, initially centered on the [[BEIS]] 'decarbonisation clusters', the [[Zero Waste Europe]] report suggests these costs will be higher and that the push towards [[CCS]] for [[EfW]] plants distract from investing and managing waste further up the [[Waste Hierarchy | waste hierarchy]].
 ==References==