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[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]
[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]
[[Residual Waste]] can be used as a feedstock for [[Energy from Waste]] ([[EfW]]) facilities and [[Residual Waste]] is considered as partially renewable or a low carbon energy source as a result of the energy produced from the fraction of [[Residual Waste]] derived from [[Biomass]] that is considered renewable<ref name="foo> Defra, 2014. [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/24612/pb14130-energy-waste-201402.pdf Energy from Waste: A guide to the debate February 2014 (revised edition).] London.</ref>. This page reports that as at March 2021 [[Residual Waste EFW]] operational 'plated capacity' was '''16,353,589 tonnes''' and in construction 'plated capacity' of '''5,714,000 tonnes''', a total of '''22,067,589 tonnes''' which is around 75% of [[Residual Waste]] suitable for [[Energy from Waste]].  
 
[[Residual Waste]] can be used as a feedstock for [[Energy from Waste]] ([[EfW]]) facilities and [[Residual Waste]] is considered as partially renewable or a low carbon energy source as a result of the energy produced from the fraction of [[Residual Waste]] derived from [[Biomass]] that is considered renewable<ref name="foo> Defra, 2014. [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/24612/pb14130-energy-waste-201402.pdf Energy from Waste: A guide to the debate February 2014 (revised edition).] London.</ref>. This page reports that as at March 2021 [[Residual Waste EFW]] operational 'plated capacity' was '''{{formatnum: {{#var:opston}}}} kt''' and in construction 'plated capacity' of '''{{formatnum: {{#var:ucston}}}} kt''', a total of '''{{formatnum: {{#expr: {{#var:opston}} + {{#var:ucston}}}}}} kt''' which is around 75% of [[Residual Waste]] suitable for [[Energy from Waste]].
[[File:Ferrybridge 2.png|400px|left|Ferrybridge 2 (with Ferrybridge 1 in background) - which will be the largest 'single site' for Residual Waste EFW in the UK when both are fully operational]]__TOC__
[[File:Ferrybridge 2.png|400px|left|Ferrybridge 2 (with Ferrybridge 1 in background) - which will be the largest 'single site' for Residual Waste EFW in the UK when both are fully operational]]__TOC__
<br clear='left'/>
<br clear='left'/>
==Operational EfW==
==Operational EfW==
The following list summarises all [[EfW]] sites that were operational as of March 2022, with limited summary information in the table. More detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page, the total 'plated capacity' is '''{{formatnum: {{#var:opston}}}} kt''':
[[File:Location of EfWs in UK.png|600px|right|Locations of Operational residual waste EfWs in the UK]]
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{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=efwdb |where=status='Operational' |data=site=site,id=id,cap=cap}}


The following list summarises all [[EfW]] sites that were operational as of March 2021, with limited summary information in the table. More detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page, the total 'plated capacity' is '''16,353,589 tonnes''':
{{#get_db_data: db=mnk |from=energy.opsite |data=site=site,id=id,cap=cap,tech=tech}}
[[File:Location of EfWs in UK.png|600px|right|Locations of Operational residual waste EfWs in the UK]]
{|Class="wikitable sortable"
{|Class="wikitable"
! ID !! Site Name !! Technology !! Capacity (kt)
! ID !! Site Name !! Capacity (kt)
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
{{!}}-
{{!}}-
{{!}} {{{id}}}.
{{!}} {{{id}}}.
{{!}} [[{{{site}}}]]
{{!}} [[{{{site}}}]]
{{!}} [[{{{tech}}}]]
{{!}} {{{cap}}}
{{!}} {{{cap}}}
}}
}}
|}
|}
Technology: EfW - EfW [[Incineration]]; ACT - [[Advanced Conversion Technology]]; WtF - [[Waste to Fuel]].
Summary site information is collated from a variety of sources including: Monksleigh<ref name="monk">[http://www.monksleigh.com Monksleigh Ltd]</ref>, Tolvik<ref name="tolv">[https://www.tolvik.com Tolvik]</ref>, [[EA]], [[SEPA]], [[NRW]], [[DEFRA]], [[BEIS]], [[UKWIN]] and owner and developer websites</small>.
Summary site information is collated from a variety of sources including: Monksleigh<ref name="monk">[http://www.monksleigh.com Monksleigh Ltd]</ref>, Tolvik<ref name="tolv">[https://www.tolvik.com Tolvik]</ref>, [[EA]], [[SEPA]], [[NRW]], [[DEFRA]], [[BEIS]], [[UKWIN]] and owner and developer websites</small>.


ID item 3 has multiple line entries - the capacity of all entries is shown once in the first line, consolidating the later ones and resulting in a 0 entry for those consolidated.
* ID item 3 has multiple line entries - the capacity of all entries is shown in one line.
* ID item 29 [[Sinfin Lane]] has been removed from the operational sites as is reported as presently mothballed.
* ID item 64 [[Ratty's Lane Sustainable Energy Facility (ACT)]], also known as Hoddesdon, was reported in January 2022 that it would be moving into a mothballed status imminently<ref>[https://www.endswasteandbioenergy.com/ewb-weekly?utm_medium=EMAIL&utm_campaign=eNews%20Bulletin&utm_source=20220131&utm_content=EWB%20Waste%20and%20Bioenergy%20Weekly%20(12)::&email_hash= ENDS Article 31st January 2022]</ref>.


The map, right, contains the locations of all the sites listed above - please note that due to scale and cartographic limitations some of the numbers in the list might not be shown on the map due to sites being in close proximity, or sites in areas of high density. This does not mean that the site marker is not there. An example of this is [[Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 (FM1)]] and [[Ferrybridge Multifuel 2 (FM2)]] as both are in geographically similar locations, being a few 100m apart, and as a result the location markers will appear on top of each other, and as a result one will block the other's numerical id. This also applies to the following maps on sites in construction and planning.
The map, to the right of the listing, contains the locations of all the sites listed above - please note that due to scale and cartographic limitations some of the numbers in the list might not be shown on the map due to sites being in close proximity, or sites in areas of high density. This does not mean that the site marker is not there. An example of this is [[Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 (FM1)]] and [[Ferrybridge Multifuel 2 (FM2)]] as both are in geographically similar locations, being a few 100m apart, and as a result the location markers will appear on top of each other, and as a result one will block the other's numerical id. This also applies to the following maps on sites in construction and planning.


==Growth in Residual Waste [[EfW]]==
==Growth in Residual Waste [[EfW]]==
Historically, the UK has been very dependent on [[Landfill]] or [[Incineration without Energy Recovery]] for [[Disposal]] of [[Residual Waste]]. The landfill diversion targets set in the mid 1990s promoted [[EfW]] developments. The diversion of residual waste away from [[Landfill]] and into [[EfW]] processes was intended to reduce emissions of methane and pollution originating from [[Landfill]] sites and increase production of renewable energy<ref name="foo" />. [[Energy from Waste]] is the now the main method for dealing with [[Residual Waste]], with [[Landfill]] of [[Residual Waste]] being the least preferred method, as outlined in the [[Waste Hierarchy]]<ref name="foo" />.  
Historically, the UK has been very dependent on [[Landfill]] or [[Incineration without Energy Recovery]] for [[Disposal]] of [[Residual Waste]]. The landfill diversion targets set in the mid 1990s promoted [[EfW]] developments. The diversion of residual waste away from [[Landfill]] and into [[EfW]] processes was intended to reduce emissions of methane and pollution originating from [[Landfill]] sites and increase production of renewable energy<ref name="foo" />. [[Energy from Waste]] is the now the main method for dealing with [[Residual Waste]], with [[Landfill]] of [[Residual Waste]] being the least preferred method, as outlined in the [[Waste Hierarchy]]<ref name="foo" />.


In 2019, the amount of residual waste that was sent to [[EfW]] processes in the UK increased by 9.9%, amounting to a total of 12.6 million tonnes being sent to 48 operational EfW facilities across the UK<ref name="foo2> [https://www.tolvik.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Tolvik-UK-EfW-Statistics-2019-Report-published-May-2020.pdf Derived from Tolvik EFW Statistics 2019, Published May 2020]</ref>. This was against a headline/plated capacity of 15,400,000 tonnes of operational capacity and a further 3,900,000 tonnes of late stage commissioning and in construction 'plated' capacity at that time. This represented 45.5% of the total [[Residual Waste]] produced in the UK in 2019 (increasing from 41.8% in 2018)<ref name="foo2" />. The total net power exported from [[EfW]] facilities in 2019 was 6,703 GWh, this supplied 2.0% of the total UK power generation, and gives an average of 531 kWh of power generated per tonne of residual waste treated at UK [[EfW]] facilities<ref name="foo2" />.
In 202, the amount of residual waste that was sent to [[EfW]] processes in the UK increased by 5.2%, amounting to a total of 16.12 kt being sent to 60 operational EfW facilities across the UK<ref name="foo2> [https://www.tolvik.com/published-reports/view/uk-energy-from-waste-statistics-2023// Derived from Tolvik EFW Statistics 2023, Published May 2024]</ref>. This was against a headline/plated capacity of 18.45 kt of operational capacity and a further 5.48 kt of late stage commissioning and in construction 'plated' capacity at that time. This represented 75.4% of [[Local Authority Collected Waste]] with the balance from [[Commercial and Industrial Waste]]<ref name="foo2" />. The total net power exported from [[EfW]] facilities in 2023 was 9,676 GWh, this supplied 3.1% of the total UK power generation, and gives an average of 605 kWh of power generated per tonne of residual waste treated at UK [[EfW]] facilities<ref name="foo2" />.
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The graph below displays how the tonnage of residual waste processes by UK [[EfW]] facilities has changed over recent years, and is based on that received rather than the 'plated' capacity of the plants in operation and construction (18,500,000 tonnes reported by Tolvik<ref name="foo2" /> at the end of 2019, whereas this page reports '''22,067,589 tonnes''' as at March 2021).
The graph below displays how the tonnage of residual waste processes by UK [[EfW]] facilities has changed over recent years, and is based on that received rather than the 'plated' capacity of the plants in operation and construction (23.93 kt reported by Tolvik<ref name="foo2" /> at the end of 2023, whereas this page reports '''{{formatnum: {{#expr: {{#var: opston}} + {{#var: ucston}}}}}} kt''' as at March 2021).
 
{|style="margin: auto;"
{|style="margin: auto;"
|+style="caption-side:bottom;"|Changes in residual waste tonnage processed by EfWs<ref name="foo2" />
|+style="caption-side:bottom;"|Changes in residual waste tonnage processed by [[EfW]]s<ref name="foo2" />
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|-
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|+Table Summarizing Graph Data
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|'''Year''' || 2006 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012 || 2013 || 2014 || 2015 || 2016 || 2017 || 2018||2019
|'''Year''' || 2006 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012 || 2013 || 2014 || 2015 || 2016 || 2017 || 2018||2019||2020||2021||2022||2023
|-
|-
|'''Tonnes''' || 3.3 || 3.3 || 3.3 || 3.6 || 4.2 || 4.8 || 5.2 || 5.5 || 6.7 || 8.4 || 10.1 || 10.9 || 11.5||12.6
|'''Million Tonnes''' || 3.3 || 3.3 || 3.3 || 3.6 || 4.2 || 4.8 || 5.2 || 5.5 || 6.7 || 8.4 || 10.1 || 10.9 || 11.5||12.6||14.1||14.9||15.3||16.1
|}
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|}




The table below shows the power and heat generation from residual waste EfW facilities in the UK between 2014-2018.<ref name="foo2" />
The table below shows the power and heat generation from residual waste EfW facilities in the UK between 2014-2021.<ref name="foo2" />
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: auto;"
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: auto;"
|-
|-
|+Power and Heat Table
|+Power and Heat Table
|'''Year''' || 2014 || 2015 || 2016 || 2017 || 2018||2019
|'''Year''' || 2014 || 2015 || 2016 || 2017 || 2018||2019||2020||2021||2022||2023
|-
|-
|'''Net Power Export (GWh<sub>e</sub>)''' ||3,368||4,636||5,291||6,258||6,230||6,703
|'''Net Power Export (GWh<sub>e</sub>)''' ||3,368||4,636||5,291||6,258||6,230||6,703||7,769||8,643||9,428||9,676
|-
|-
|'''Net Heat Export (GWh<sub>th</sub>)''' ||NA||554||730||865||1,112||1,384
|'''Net Heat Export (GWh<sub>th</sub>)''' ||NA||554||730||865||1,112||1,384||1,651||1,845||1,770||1,777
|-
|-
|}
|}




England produced 12.5 million tonnes of [[Residual Waste]] from Households in 2016<ref>[[DEFRA]] [https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-waste-data UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref>, and it is estimated that there will be an increase in [[EfW]] capacity for [[Residual Waste]] by 2 million tonnes/year by 2022 <ref name="foo3"> Tolvik Consulting, 2017. [http://www.esauk.org/application/files/6015/3589/6453/UK_Residual_Waste_Capacity_Gap_Analysis.pdf UK Residual Waste: 2030 Market Review. Environmental Services Association.]</ref> but this is substantially lower than the plated capacity reported on this page.
England produced 12,500 kt of [[Residual Waste]] from Households in 2016<ref>[[DEFRA]] [https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-waste-data UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref>, and it is estimated that there will be an increase in [[EfW]] capacity for [[Residual Waste]] by 2,000 kt/year by 2022 <ref name="foo3"> Tolvik Consulting, 2017. [http://www.esauk.org/application/files/6015/3589/6453/UK_Residual_Waste_Capacity_Gap_Analysis.pdf UK Residual Waste: 2030 Market Review. Environmental Services Association.]</ref> but this is substantially lower than the plated capacity reported on this page.


With the increasing social, economic and political drive to Prevent, [[Reuse]] and [[Recycling]] more waste, in line with the [[Waste Hierarchy]] and the [[Circular Economy]] the amount of [[Residual Waste]] is expected to decrease in the medium to long term<ref name="foo" />. The exact magnitude of this reduction and the [[Residual Waste]] continuing to need to be delivered to [[EfW]] has been debated at length by different commentators over the last few years.
With the increasing social, economic and political drive to Prevent, [[Reuse]] and [[Recycling]] more waste, in line with the [[Waste Hierarchy]] and the [[Circular Economy]] the amount of [[Residual Waste]] is expected to decrease in the medium to long term<ref name="foo" />. The exact magnitude of this reduction and the [[Residual Waste]] continuing to need to be delivered to [[EfW]] has been debated at length by different commentators over the last few years.


==Under Construction EfW==
==Under Construction EfW==
The following list summarises all [[EfW]] sites that were under construction in March 2022, with limited summary information in the table and more detailed information by clicking through to the site-specific page . Historically there have been some plants that have not passed from construction to operation due to commissioning issues and are not listed i.e. [[Air Products]]. Several of the plants listed below that are presently in extended commissioning are based on [[Gasification]] technologies, but no comment is made as to whether they will reach full operational capacity. The total 'plated capacity' is  '''{{formatnum: {{#var: ucston}}}} kt'''.
[[File:Under Construction EfW UK.png|600px|right|Under Construction EfW within the UK.]]
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=efwdb |where=status='Under Construction'|data=site=site,id=id,cap=cap}}
The following list summarises all [[EfW]] sites that were under construction in March 2021, with limited summary information in the table and more detailed information by clicking through to the site-specific page . Historically there have been some plants that have not passed from construction to operation due to commissioning issues and are not listed i.e. [[Air Products]]. Several of the plants listed below that are presently in extended commissioning are based on [[Gasification]] technologies, but no comment is made as to whether they will reach full operational capacity. The total 'plated capacity' is '''5,714,000 tonnes'''.


[[File:Under Construction EfW UK.png|600px|right|Under Construction EfW within the UK.]]
{{#get_db_data: db=mnk |from=energy.ucsite |data=site=site,id=id,cap=cap,tech=tech}}
{|Class="wikitable"
{|Class="wikitable sortable"
! ID !! Site Name !! Capacity (kt)
! ID !! Site Name !! Technology !! Capacity (kt)
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
{{!}}-
{{!}}-
{{!}} {{{id}}}.
{{!}} {{{id}}}.
{{!}} [[{{{site}}}]]
{{!}} [[{{{site}}}]]
{{!}} [[{{{tech}}}]]
{{!}} {{{cap}}}
{{!}} {{{cap}}}
}}
}}
|}
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Technology: EfW - EfW [[Incineration]]; ACT - [[Advanced Conversion Technology]]; WtF - [[Waste to Fuel]].


Summary site information collated from a variety of sources including: Monksleigh<ref name="monk" />, Tolvik<ref name="tolv" />, [[EA]], [[SEPA]], [[NRW]], [[DEFRA]], [[BEIS]], [[UKWIN]] and owner and developer websites</small>
Summary site information collated from a variety of sources including: Monksleigh<ref name="monk" />, Tolvik<ref name="tolv" />, [[EA]], [[SEPA]], [[NRW]], [[DEFRA]], [[BEIS]], [[UKWIN]] and owner and developer websites</small>
<br clear=all />
 
* ID item 46 was reported in January 2022 as affected by the financial troubles being experienced by [[CNIM Environment & Energy EPC]] and after the business 'financially collapsed' it was reported as being taken on by [[Black and Veach]]<ref>[https://www.bv.com/news/contractors-appointed-to-deliver-gbp480m-lostock-sustainable-energy-plant Black and Veach News Item January 2023]</ref>
* ID item 78 was previously reported as operational, but despite the submission of an annual report for 2022 it is understood to not be fully handed over.
* ID item 148 has also hit delays as a result of the failure of [[CNIM Environment & Energy EPC]] but is now reported as close to operational<ref>[https://www.endswasteandbioenergy.com/article/1820385/near-operational-earls-gate-efw-secures-feedstock-deal ENDS Article April 2023]</ref>.
* ID 205 was understood to have gone into administration in May 2023 and at the time of writing it is unclear if it will progress to completion.


==In Planning EfW==
==In Planning EfW==
{{#clear_external_data:}}
The following list summarises all [[EfW]] sites that were in the planning process as at March 2021, which comprises those that have received [[Planning Permission|planning permission]] at some point and those that are presently in the consultation process seeking [[Planning Permission|planning permission]]. The total 'plated capacity' shown in the tables below is '''{{formatnum: {{#expr: {{#var:planton}} + {{#var:conston}}}}}} kt''' (Planning: '''{{formatnum: {{#var:planton}}}} kt''', Consultation: '''{{formatnum: {{#var:conston}}}} kt''').
{{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=efwdb |where=status='Planning' and cap > 0 |data=site=site,id=id,cap=cap}}
The following list summarises all [[EfW]] sites that were in the planning process as at March 2021, which comprises those that have received [[Planning Permission|planning permission]] at some point and those that are presently in the consultation process seeking [[Planning Permission|planning permission]]. The total 'plated capacity' shown in the tables below is '''25,051,000 tonnes'''. In the case of Lakeside this planned capacity would replace the existing site, linked to the development of the third runway at [[wikipedia:Heathrow Airport|Heathrow Airport]].


In addition there are some plants below which have been reported as commencing construction, but this only applied to initial works or the construction of adjacent infrastructure, and not the [[EfW]] element of the project. The sites that fall into this category (i.e. the [[EfW]] is not thought to be under construction) in the list below include ID numbers 53, 59, 60, 63, 65, and 68.  
In addition there are some plants below which have been reported as commencing construction, but this only applied to initial works or the construction of adjacent infrastructure, and not the [[EfW]] element of the project. The sites that fall into this category (i.e. the [[EfW]] is not thought to be under construction) in the list below include ID numbers 53, 59, 60, 63, 65, and 68.


No comment or note is made on those plants whose planning consent may have expired due to not being implemented within consented time limits, or the likelihood of them moving from this stage into construction, noting that the 'plated capacity' far exceeds the reported [[Residual Waste]] available to support them in the UK.
No comment or note is made on those plants whose planning consent may have expired due to not being implemented within consented time limits, or the likelihood of them moving from this stage into construction, noting that the 'plated capacity' far exceeds the reported [[Residual Waste]] available to support them in the UK.
[[File:Efwplan.png|600px|right|EfW Sites within UK in Planning]]
[[File:Efwplan.png|600px|right|EfW Sites within UK in Planning]]
===In Planning===
===In Planning===
{|Class="wikitable"
{{#clear_external_data:}}
! ID !! Site Name !! Capacity (kt)
 
{{#get_db_data: db=mnk |from=energy.plsite |data=site=site,id=id,cap=cap,tech=tech}}
{|Class="wikitable sortable"
! ID !! Site Name !! Technology !! Capacity (kt)
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
{{!}}-
{{!}}-
{{!}} {{{id}}}.
{{!}} {{{id}}}.
{{!}} [[{{{site}}}]]
{{!}} [[{{{site}}}]]
{{!}} [[{{{tech}}}]]
{{!}} {{{cap}}}
{{!}} {{{cap}}}
}}
}}
|}
|}
Technology: EfW - EfW [[Incineration]]; ACT - [[Advanced Conversion Technology]]; WtF - [[Waste to Fuel]].


===In Consultation===
===In Consultation===
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=engy |from=efwdb |where=status='Consultation Stage' and cap > 0 |data=site=site,id=id,cap=cap}}
{{#get_db_data: db=mnk |from=energy.consite |data=site=site,id=id,cap=cap,tech=tech}}
{|Class="wikitable"
{|Class="wikitable sortable"
! ID !! Site Name !! Capacity (kt)
! ID !! Site Name !! Technology !! Capacity (kt)
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
{{!}}-
{{!}}-
{{!}} {{{id}}}.
{{!}} {{{id}}}.
{{!}} [[{{{site}}}]]
{{!}} [[{{{site}}}]]
{{!}} [[{{{tech}}}]]
{{!}} {{{cap}}}
{{!}} {{{cap}}}
}}
}}
|}
|}
Technology: EfW - EfW [[Incineration]]; ACT - [[Advanced Conversion Technology]]; WtF - [[Waste to Fuel]].




Latest revision as of 10:49, 16 September 2024


Residual Waste can be used as a feedstock for Energy from Waste (EfW) facilities and Residual Waste is considered as partially renewable or a low carbon energy source as a result of the energy produced from the fraction of Residual Waste derived from Biomass that is considered renewable[1]. This page reports that as at March 2021 Residual Waste EFW operational 'plated capacity' was 19,170.08 kt and in construction 'plated capacity' of 6,210.30 kt, a total of 25,380.38 kt which is around 75% of Residual Waste suitable for Energy from Waste.

Ferrybridge 2 (with Ferrybridge 1 in background) - which will be the largest 'single site' for Residual Waste EFW in the UK when both are fully operational
Ferrybridge 2 (with Ferrybridge 1 in background) - which will be the largest 'single site' for Residual Waste EFW in the UK when both are fully operational


Operational EfW

The following list summarises all EfW sites that were operational as of March 2022, with limited summary information in the table. More detailed information can be found by clicking through to the site-specific page, the total 'plated capacity' is 19,170.08 kt:

Locations of Operational residual waste EfWs in the UK
Locations of Operational residual waste EfWs in the UK


ID Site Name Technology Capacity (kt)

1. Runcorn EfW EfW 1100
2. Riverside Resource Recovery Facility (RRRF) EfW 850
3. Teeside EfW - lines 1-5 (Teeside & NEERC), Billingham. line 3 EfW 756
4. Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 (FM1) EfW 725
5. Edmonton EcoPark EfW EfW 750
6. Allington EFW EfW 560
7. SELCHP ERF EfW 464
8. Lakeside EfW EfW 468
9. Wilton 11 EfW EfW 500
10. Trident Park (Cardiff ERF) EfW 425
11. Tyseley ERF EfW 441
12. Severnside Energy Recovery Centre EfW 467
13. Greatmoor EfW EfW 345
14. Four Ashes EfW (Staffordshire ERF) (W2R) EfW 340
15. Ardley EfW EfW 378
16. Allerton Waste Recovery Park (EfW) EfW 320
17. Coventry EfW Plant EfW 315
18. Great Blakenham EfW EfW 295
19. North Yard EfW (Devonport EfW CHP Facility) EfW 275
20. Cornwall ERC EfW 240
21. Sheffield ERF EfW 245
22. North Quay ERF (Newhaven) EfW 242
23. Marchwood ERF (Integra South West) EfW 220
24. Portsmouth ERF (Integra South East) EfW 220
25. Stoke-on-Trent EfW EfW 210
26. EnviRecover - Hartlebury EFW EfW 230
27. Eastcroft EfW (Lines 1 & 2) EfW 200
28. Leeds Recycling & ERF (Cross Green ERF) EfW 190
30. Lincolnshire EFW EfW 190
31. Vine Street EfW (Kirkless EfW) EfW 135
32. Glasgow Renewable Energy and Recycling Centre (ACT) ACT 154
33. Bolton TRF EfW 128
34. Baldovie and Dundee EfW EfW 260
35. Wolverhampton EfW EfW 118
36. Chineham ERF (Integra North) EfW 110
37. Dudley EfW EfW 105
38. Battlefield EfW EfW 102
39. Milton Keynes Waste Recovery Park ACT 140
40. Peterborough EfW EfW 110
41. Lancing EfW EfW 75
42. Exeter Energy Recovery Facility EfW 60
43. Newlincs EfW EfW 56
44. Lerwick Energy Recovery Plant (Shetland EfW Plant) EfW 24
47. Rookery Pit Energy Recovery Facility (Rookery South) EfW 585
48. Ferrybridge Multifuel 2 (FM2) EfW 725
49. Kemsley K3 EfW EfW 657
50. Severn Road Resource Recovery Centre EfW 377
51. Dunbar EfW (Oxwellmains EfW) EfW 390
52. Beddington EfW EfW 347
54. Energy Works (Hull) ACT 315
55. Parc Adfer EfW EfW 232
56. Javelin Park EfW EfW 190
57. Levenseat EfW ACT 97
58. Millerhill EfW EfW 190
61. Belfast Harbour Estate EfW 144
66. Charlton Lane Eco Park (ACT) ACT 55
67. Isle of Wight Waste Recovery Park ACT 44
68. Sustainable Energy Centre ACT 15
73. Newhurst EFW EfW 455
78. [[]] ACT 260
148. Earls Gate Energy Centre EfW 274
149. Baddersley EfW EfW 130
151. NESS Energy Project EfW 150

Technology: EfW - EfW Incineration; ACT - Advanced Conversion Technology; WtF - Waste to Fuel.

Summary site information is collated from a variety of sources including: Monksleigh[2], Tolvik[3], EA, SEPA, NRW, DEFRA, BEIS, UKWIN and owner and developer websites.

  • ID item 3 has multiple line entries - the capacity of all entries is shown in one line.
  • ID item 29 Sinfin Lane has been removed from the operational sites as is reported as presently mothballed.
  • ID item 64 Ratty's Lane Sustainable Energy Facility (ACT), also known as Hoddesdon, was reported in January 2022 that it would be moving into a mothballed status imminently[4].

The map, to the right of the listing, contains the locations of all the sites listed above - please note that due to scale and cartographic limitations some of the numbers in the list might not be shown on the map due to sites being in close proximity, or sites in areas of high density. This does not mean that the site marker is not there. An example of this is Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 (FM1) and Ferrybridge Multifuel 2 (FM2) as both are in geographically similar locations, being a few 100m apart, and as a result the location markers will appear on top of each other, and as a result one will block the other's numerical id. This also applies to the following maps on sites in construction and planning.

Growth in Residual Waste EfW

Historically, the UK has been very dependent on Landfill or Incineration without Energy Recovery for Disposal of Residual Waste. The landfill diversion targets set in the mid 1990s promoted EfW developments. The diversion of residual waste away from Landfill and into EfW processes was intended to reduce emissions of methane and pollution originating from Landfill sites and increase production of renewable energy[1]. Energy from Waste is the now the main method for dealing with Residual Waste, with Landfill of Residual Waste being the least preferred method, as outlined in the Waste Hierarchy[1].

In 202, the amount of residual waste that was sent to EfW processes in the UK increased by 5.2%, amounting to a total of 16.12 kt being sent to 60 operational EfW facilities across the UK[5]. This was against a headline/plated capacity of 18.45 kt of operational capacity and a further 5.48 kt of late stage commissioning and in construction 'plated' capacity at that time. This represented 75.4% of Local Authority Collected Waste with the balance from Commercial and Industrial Waste[5]. The total net power exported from EfW facilities in 2023 was 9,676 GWh, this supplied 3.1% of the total UK power generation, and gives an average of 605 kWh of power generated per tonne of residual waste treated at UK EfW facilities[5]. ‌ The graph below displays how the tonnage of residual waste processes by UK EfW facilities has changed over recent years, and is based on that received rather than the 'plated' capacity of the plants in operation and construction (23.93 kt reported by Tolvik[5] at the end of 2023, whereas this page reports 25,380.38 kt as at March 2021).

Changes in residual waste tonnage processed by EfWs[5]


Table Summarizing Graph Data
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Million Tonnes 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.2 5.5 6.7 8.4 10.1 10.9 11.5 12.6 14.1 14.9 15.3 16.1


The table below shows the power and heat generation from residual waste EfW facilities in the UK between 2014-2021.[5]

Power and Heat Table
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Net Power Export (GWhe) 3,368 4,636 5,291 6,258 6,230 6,703 7,769 8,643 9,428 9,676
Net Heat Export (GWhth) NA 554 730 865 1,112 1,384 1,651 1,845 1,770 1,777


England produced 12,500 kt of Residual Waste from Households in 2016[6], and it is estimated that there will be an increase in EfW capacity for Residual Waste by 2,000 kt/year by 2022 [7] but this is substantially lower than the plated capacity reported on this page.

With the increasing social, economic and political drive to Prevent, Reuse and Recycling more waste, in line with the Waste Hierarchy and the Circular Economy the amount of Residual Waste is expected to decrease in the medium to long term[1]. The exact magnitude of this reduction and the Residual Waste continuing to need to be delivered to EfW has been debated at length by different commentators over the last few years.

Under Construction EfW

The following list summarises all EfW sites that were under construction in March 2022, with limited summary information in the table and more detailed information by clicking through to the site-specific page . Historically there have been some plants that have not passed from construction to operation due to commissioning issues and are not listed i.e. Air Products. Several of the plants listed below that are presently in extended commissioning are based on Gasification technologies, but no comment is made as to whether they will reach full operational capacity. The total 'plated capacity' is 6,210.30 kt.

Under Construction EfW within the UK.
Under Construction EfW within the UK.


ID Site Name Technology Capacity (kt)

45. North London Heat and Power (Edmonton EcoPark Replacement) EfW 700
46. Lostock Sustainable Energy Plant EfW 600
62. Showground Road EfW 105
69. Riverside Energy Park (REP) EfW 650
70. Rivenhall EFW EfW 595
72. Protos EFW EfW 400
75. Slough Multifuel EFW EfW 480
76. Walsall Energy Recovery Facility EfW 478
83. Binn Eco Park EFW EfW 85
95. Drakelow Renewable Energy Centre ACT 169
127. South Clyde Energy Centre, Bogmoor Road, Glasgow EfW 385
144. Drumgray Energy Recovery Centre (DERC) EfW 300
146. Kelvin Energy Recovery Facility EfW 400
170. Oldhall EfW Plant EfW 180
178. Skelton Grange EfW Plant EfW 435
184. Westfield EfW Plant EfW 240
216. Advanced Biofuel Solutions WtF 8

Technology: EfW - EfW Incineration; ACT - Advanced Conversion Technology; WtF - Waste to Fuel.

Summary site information collated from a variety of sources including: Monksleigh[2], Tolvik[3], EA, SEPA, NRW, DEFRA, BEIS, UKWIN and owner and developer websites

  • ID item 46 was reported in January 2022 as affected by the financial troubles being experienced by CNIM Environment & Energy EPC and after the business 'financially collapsed' it was reported as being taken on by Black and Veach[8]
  • ID item 78 was previously reported as operational, but despite the submission of an annual report for 2022 it is understood to not be fully handed over.
  • ID item 148 has also hit delays as a result of the failure of CNIM Environment & Energy EPC but is now reported as close to operational[9].
  • ID 205 was understood to have gone into administration in May 2023 and at the time of writing it is unclear if it will progress to completion.

In Planning EfW

The following list summarises all EfW sites that were in the planning process as at March 2021, which comprises those that have received planning permission at some point and those that are presently in the consultation process seeking planning permission. The total 'plated capacity' shown in the tables below is 22,005.41 kt (Planning: 19,227.41 kt, Consultation: 2,778.00 kt).

In addition there are some plants below which have been reported as commencing construction, but this only applied to initial works or the construction of adjacent infrastructure, and not the EfW element of the project. The sites that fall into this category (i.e. the EfW is not thought to be under construction) in the list below include ID numbers 53, 59, 60, 63, 65, and 68.

No comment or note is made on those plants whose planning consent may have expired due to not being implemented within consented time limits, or the likelihood of them moving from this stage into construction, noting that the 'plated capacity' far exceeds the reported Residual Waste available to support them in the UK.

EfW Sites within UK in Planning
EfW Sites within UK in Planning

In Planning

ID Site Name Technology Capacity (kt)

53. Enviroparks Hirwaun Generation Site ACT 250
59. Bulwell Energy ACT 160
60. Coatbridge Renewable Energy Facility ACT 204
65. Swindon Energy Plant ACT 70
71. North Beck Energy Centre EfW 560
77. Houghton Main EfW 260
82. Bilsthorpe Energy Centre ACT 96
84. Bloomfield Recycling Depot (Re-submission) EfW 180
86. The 3Rs Bradford ACT 160
87. Gretton Brook Road, Corby ACT 154
92. Clydach Refinery ACT 103
93. Cornwall Bio Park (Redruth) EfW 80
94. Derwenthaugh Ecoparc (resubmission) ACT 90
97. Eastleigh EfW 120
98. Eastcroft EfW (3rd Line) EfW 140
100. Finmere Quarry ACT 60
101. Fleetwood Energy Centre EfW 80
102. Keighley EfW Plant, Former Gas Works, Aire Valley Road EfW 100
103. Rotherham Renewable Energy Centre (Former Templeborough Steel Works) ACT 215
104. Fort Industrial Park (Castle Bromwich) ACT 105
105. Hams Hall National Distribution Park ACT 150
106. Hangmans Lane EfW 50
108. Killoch Depot EfW 160
109. Kingmoor Park EfW 250
110. Kingspan Insulation EfW 240
111. Knowsley ERF ACT 80
112. Land to the South of Knapton Quarry Landfill Site EfW 110
113. Levenseat EfW Phase 2 EfW 315
117. Melton Waste Park/Solar 21 EfW plant ACT 250
118. Moody Lane (Former Acordis site) Resubmission EfW 170
120. Northacre RRC EfW 243
122. Peterborough Energy Park (Green Energy Parks - Gasification) ACT 350
124. Pond Green Energy Park ACT 80
128. Southmoor Energy Centre EfW 350
130. Greengate EfW Plant EfW 330
131. Thames Gateway EfW (Resubmission) ACT 200
132. The 3Rs Doncaster EfW 350
134. Uskmouth Power Station (Subcoal) EfW 450
136. Washwood Heath (resubmission) ACT 128
138. Corby Energy Recovery Centre EfW 357
139. Tilbury Docks - Phase 2 (EfW) EfW 350
141. Garden of England Energy ACT 104
142. Haverton Hill (line 6) EfW 200
145. Keypoint Industrial Estate ACT 150
147. Darwen Energy Recovery Plant EfW 500
150. Medworth EFW CHP EfW 626
152. Thainstone Inverurie Energy Park ERF EfW 240
154. 3Rs EfW Plant, Horsham EfW 180
155. Boston Alternative Energy Facility ACT 1000
159. Chiltern Green Energy Park unknown 500
161. Envirofusion EfW Plant (Alfreton) ACT 5
162. EP South Humber Bank Energy Centre EfW 750
163. Grundon Circular Technology Park EfW 275
167. Hay Hall Bio Power ACT 277
171. Llynfi Biomass Power unknown 300
172. Longridge Road Energy Centre (Preston) EfW 395
176. Protos (Bio-Sustainable Natural Gas) Plot 4 ACT 175
177. Redcar EfW Plant (South Tees) EfW 350
181. Swansea EfW plant unknown 30
189. Trostrey Court Farm Barns Clytha Road Trostrey Common Gwehelog (Usk) ACT 42
191. Bandeath Industrial Estate, Throsk unknown 60
192. Hill Barton Business Park ACT 88
193. Magnetic Park Energy Centre ACT 96
199. Hightown Quarry EFW EfW 211
200. North Hampshire (Alton) EfW 330
202. East Midlands Energy Re-Generation Centre (EMERGE) EfW 500
203. Immingham WtF 600
207. Energy and Resource Park, Kidderminister EfW 75
208. Eco Park EFW (Parley) EfW 50
213. South Tees Development Corportation/Redcar EFW EfW 450
215. Teeside Renewable Energy Plant EfW 333
217. Billingham Reach EfW 375
220. Berry Lane ERC/Reading Quarry EfW 150
221. New Road Billingham EFW ACT 200
222. Graythorp Energy Centre EfW 560
230. Thornton ERC EfW 120
231. Medway Energy Hub EfW 400
232. Plymouth EfW Facility EfW 60
233. Immingham Railfreight Terminal EfW 320

Technology: EfW - EfW Incineration; ACT - Advanced Conversion Technology; WtF - Waste to Fuel.

In Consultation

ID Site Name Technology Capacity (kt)

63. Canford EfW 260
206. Archers Fields Energy Recovery Facility EfW 150
209. Portland EFW unknown 183
210. Mossdown Road ERF EfW 250
211. Deeside RDF Fuel Project ACT 200
212. PD Ports, Teeside unknown 300
214. Century Road, Saltend, Hull EfW 320
218. PD Ports, Teeside unknown 250
223. Consett ERF EfW 60
226. Connect Waste (Chequers Lane) EfW 75
227. North Lincolnshire Green Energy Park EfW 650
228. Green Energy Hub EfW 80

Technology: EfW - EfW Incineration; ACT - Advanced Conversion Technology; WtF - Waste to Fuel.


Summary site information collated from a variety of sources including: Monksleigh[2], Tolvik[3], EA, SEPA, NRW, DEFRA, BEIS, UKWIN and owner and developer websites

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Defra, 2014. Energy from Waste: A guide to the debate February 2014 (revised edition). London.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Monksleigh Ltd
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Tolvik
  4. ↑ ENDS Article 31st January 2022
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Derived from Tolvik EFW Statistics 2023, Published May 2024
  6. ↑ DEFRA UK Statistics on Waste 2020
  7. ↑ Tolvik Consulting, 2017. UK Residual Waste: 2030 Market Review. Environmental Services Association.
  8. ↑ Black and Veach News Item January 2023
  9. ↑ ENDS Article April 2023
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