Energy from Waste: Difference between revisions

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[[EfW]] is the name often given to the thermal treatment of waste under controlled conditions in which energy is produced. This energy can either be converted to electricity to boost the National Grid and/or, at times when the EfW plant is a [[Combined Heat and Power]] facility, to provide heat in the form of hot water or steam for use by nearby developments. A plant facilitating the generation of electrical power and recovery of usable heat from a combustion process is termed a [[Combined Heat and Power]] ([[CHP]]) plant and it is more efficient than conventional power generation that is focused on power generation alone. Energy from Waste facilities can be used to generate [[Baseload Technologies | base load power]] as they produce a steady, reliable amount of energy but generally cannot be adjusted to meet peak demands. The development of an EfW plant is complex, with many inter-locking requirements for successful delivery<ref> WRAP, 2012. [http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/O_And_EFW_Guidance_FULL.pdf EfW Development Guidance. Waste and Resources Action Programme.] </ref>.

In the most widely used EfW process, waste is burned on a moving grate. Air is introduced above and beneath the grate in carefully controlled amounts to ensure proper combustion. Good combustion means fewer emissions. The hot gases released are directed to a boiler to recover the heat. The combustion gases are then cleaned in several stages to a strict ~~standard~~ set by the [[Waste Incineration Directive]] ([[WID]]), which are monitored by the [[Environment Agency]] ([[EA]]) in England.

In the most widely used EfW process, waste is burned on a moving grate. Air is introduced above and beneath the grate in carefully controlled amounts to ensure proper combustion. Good combustion means fewer emissions. The hot gases released are directed to a boiler to recover the heat. The combustion gases are then cleaned in several stages to strict standards set by the [[Industrial Emissions Directive]] and prior to that the [[Waste Incineration Directive]] ([[WID]]), which are monitored by the [[Environment Agency]] ([[EA]]) in England under the requirements of the [[Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010]], as amended.

Of the material received into the EfW facility only around 3% will not be recovered and will require specialist treatment. This is residual material created as part of ensuring the gases are clean.

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*[[Gasification]]

*[[Pyrolysis]]

==Efficiency==

Where an EFW facility meets the standards of efficiency set out in the Europeans Commissions Guidelines on the [[R1]] energy efficiency formula in Annex II of Directive 2008/98/EC, it can be considered an [[Energy Recovery Facility]] or [[R1]] facility and to achieve this a plant may need [[CHP]] as part of its solution.

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 [[EfW]] is the name often given to the thermal treatment of waste under controlled conditions in which energy is produced. This energy can either be converted to electricity to boost the National Grid and/or, at times when the EfW plant is a [[Combined Heat and Power]] facility, to provide heat in the form of hot water or steam for use by nearby developments. A plant facilitating the generation of electrical power and recovery of usable heat from a combustion process is termed a [[Combined Heat and Power]] ([[CHP]]) plant and it is more efficient than conventional power generation that is focused on power generation alone.  Energy from Waste facilities can be used to generate [[Baseload Technologies | base load power]] as they produce a steady, reliable amount of energy but generally cannot be adjusted to meet peak demands. The development of an EfW plant is complex, with many inter-locking requirements for successful delivery<ref> WRAP, 2012. [http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/O_And_EFW_Guidance_FULL.pdf EfW Development Guidance. Waste and Resources Action Programme.] </ref>.
-In the most widely used EfW process, waste is burned on a moving grate. Air is introduced above and beneath the grate in carefully controlled amounts to ensure proper combustion. Good combustion means fewer emissions. The hot gases released are directed to a boiler to recover the heat. The combustion gases are then cleaned in several stages to a strict standard set by the [[Waste Incineration Directive]] ([[WID]]), which are monitored by the [[Environment Agency]] ([[EA]]) in England.
+In the most widely used EfW process, waste is burned on a moving grate. Air is introduced above and beneath the grate in carefully controlled amounts to ensure proper combustion. Good combustion means fewer emissions. The hot gases released are directed to a boiler to recover the heat. The combustion gases are then cleaned in several stages to strict standards set by the [[Industrial Emissions Directive]] and prior to that the [[Waste Incineration Directive]] ([[WID]]), which are monitored by the [[Environment Agency]] ([[EA]]) in England under the requirements of the [[Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010]], as amended.
 Of the material received into the EfW facility only around 3% will not be recovered and will require specialist treatment. This is residual material created as part of ensuring the gases are clean.
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 *[[Gasification]]
 *[[Pyrolysis]]
 ==Efficiency==
 Where an EFW facility meets the standards of efficiency set out in the Europeans Commissions Guidelines on the [[R1]] energy efficiency formula in Annex II of Directive 2008/98/EC, it can be considered an [[Energy Recovery Facility]] or [[R1]] facility and to achieve this a plant may need [[CHP]] as part of its solution.