Refuse Derived Fuel: Difference between revisions

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===Year on Year Differences===
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! colspan="4" | Data Table
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!Year!!Tonnage Shipped!!Increase on Previous!!Percentage Change
|-
|-
|2015||3,167,470||-||-
|-
|2016||3,449,079||281,659||8.9%
|-
|2017||3,198,112||-250,967||-7.3%
|-
|2018||2,836,621||-361,491||-11.3%
|-
|2019||2,385,240||-451,381||-15.9%
|-
|2020||1,459,543||-925,697||-38.8%
|-
|2021||1,154,705||-304,838||-20.9%
|}


===Exporters===
===Exporters===
 
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==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />

Revision as of 10:13, 19 May 2022

A type of Waste Derived Fuel, Refuse Derived Fuel or RDF has been prepared by a treatment process to produce a broad specification fuel, which is still considered to be a waste, that can be used by an EfW plant supplied under a Fuel Supply Agreement. The specification will depend upon the plant to be used, but typically at the most basic level will have had metals and inert materials removed, removal of some recyclables and limited shredding/bag splitting. More refined RDF will have had drying, shredding to a uniform size and Moisture Content reduction. At the very high end of production the RDF will move towards being a Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF).

Picture of loose RDF material, picture from Turmec, all rights reserved
Picture of loose RDF material, picture from Turmec, all rights reserved


Context

A type of Waste Derived Fuel, Refuse Derived Fuel or RDF has been prepared by a treatment process to produce a broad specification fuel, which is still considered to be a waste, that can be used by an EfW plant supplied under a Fuel Supply Agreement. The specification will depend upon the plant to be used, but typically at the most basic level will have had metals and inert materials removed, removal of some recyclables and limited shredding/bag splitting. More refined RDF will have had drying, shredding to a uniform size and Moisture Content reduction. At the very high end of production the RDF will move towards being a Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF). For the purposes of legislation RDF remains a waste (unless stringent End of Waste Criteria can be met) and so users of the fuel have to comply with the IED which has superseded WID.

Composition of Refuse Derived Fuel

We have pulled together a number of specification (spec) sheets to produce give an overall feel for the spec of Refuse Derived Fuel, as shown in the table below. In reality the spec is usually a function of the receiving plant.

Measure Units Residual Waste[1] RDF
Net Calorific Value MJ/kg (as received) 9 - 15 10 - 15
Moisture wt% (dry basis) 10 - 40 <20
Biomass Content[2] wt% (dry basis) >45 >65
Ash Content wt% (dry basis) 10 - 30 <20
Sulphur wt% (dry basis) < 0.85 <0.5
Nitrogen wt% (dry basis) <1.5 <0.8
Lead mg/kg <200 <100
Chlorine CI wt% (dry basis) <1.2 <0.6
Zinc[3] wt% (dry basis) <0.1  
Sodium and Potassium[3] wt% (dry basis) <0.8  
Mercury mg/kg <2 <1
Nickel mg/kg <200 <100
Thallium mg/kg <20 <10
Ferrous and non-ferrous metals wt% (dry basis) <7 <3
Non combustible material wt% (dry basis) <15 <10
Glass wt% (dry basis) <5 <2
Dust <1mm wt% (dry basis) <5 <5
Bulk Density (loose) kg/m3 100 - 275 100 - 175
Particle Size (max dimension) mm 500 300

Chlorine is a particular issue due to its tendency to form Hydrochloric Acid in an energy recovery process, which then requires specific abatement/clean-up technologies. With limited such arrangements in Cement Kilns this means that they generally have a lower tolerance for Chlorine closer in a final specification to SRF.

Background to Export of Refuse Derived Fuel

The movement of RDF from the UK, primarily in the EU, commenced in c.2010 and progressively grew up until around 2016 driven by supply-demand and landfill tax in the UK and the economics and spare capacity of EfW plants in the EU. From around 2017 tonnages for export started to drop, with more pronounced drops from 2018 as the supply-demand patterns changed in the UK, some EU countries started to implement taxation on EfW and the cost and complexities of transportation following Brexit increased. The two charts below show the overall patterns of export:

CIWM Presidential Report 2018 – RDF Trading in a Modern World
CIWM Presidential Report 2018 – RDF Trading in a Modern World
RDF and SRF Export - analysis of EA data by Monksleigh
RDF and SRF Export - analysis of EA data by Monksleigh
CIWM Presidential Report (2018) Showing Grow in RDF and SRF Export[4] Analysis by Monksleigh of RDF and SRF Exports from England from EA Data

Moving Refuse Derived Fuel from the UK abroad requires compliance with the Transfrontier Shipment Regulations (TFS) and in simple terms requires an application for movement to be made to the relevant authorities that requires a number of key measures to be satisfied before this can occur. It also requires the user of the fuel to be classified as an R1 facility.

Annual Export from England

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Month on Month Export

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Data Table
Year Tonnage Shipped Increase on Previous Percentage Change
2015 3,167,470 - -
2016 3,449,079 281,659 8.9%
2017 3,198,112 -250,967 -7.3%
2018 2,836,621 -361,491 -11.3%
2019 2,385,240 -451,381 -15.9%
2020 1,459,543 -925,697 -38.8%
2021 1,154,705 -304,838 -20.9%

Exporters

Company 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

ABN Paris SAS 0.00 2,243.85 0.00 0.00 0.00
Akata Biomass UK Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Andusia Recovered Fuels Ltd 180,644.45 157,690.27 153,438.94 156,379.83 147,925.02
Armstrongs Environmental Services Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Associated Waste Management Ltd 53,711.18 39,981.57 49,910.21 6,560.01 21,079.93
Baco-Compak (Norfolk) Ltd 7,076.98 5,062.18 849.14 0.00 0.00
Bagnall & Morris (Waste Services) Ltd 17,115.35 18,667.91 9,253.54 0.00 0.00
Bertling Enviro AB 89,207.56 171,445.30 153,964.36 128,673.41 168,904.82
Biffa Waste Services Ltd 463,101.70 358,290.28 315,622.44 151,637.03 104,444.99
Blakeley's Recycling Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Boomeco Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bywaters (1986) Ltd 24,788.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Camreg Ltd 26,170.11 21,182.62 0.00 11,978.86 0.00
Cellmark UK Ltd 14,231.24 1,955.65 0.00 0.00 0.00
Chambers Waste Management PLC 24,906.81 2,553.75 0.00 0.00 0.00
Combineering A/S 4,758.90 13,610.01 6,011.72 1,572.53 0.00
Cory Barking Operations Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Countrystyle Recycling Ltd 90,848.11 64,260.37 52,411.41 21,621.08 37,945.31
DONG Energy Waste UK Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eco-Power Environmental (Hull) Ltd 0.00 0.00 3,658.50 39,618.29 52,642.37
EFO AB 4,932.15 9,834.72 7,045.41 0.00 0.00
Elite Recycling Solutions Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Enva England Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 49.02 3,600.56
Failand Paper Services Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
FCC Recycling (UK) Ltd 187,943.76 168,850.12 86,387.65 74,523.96 48,541.56
Frimstone Ltd 15,282.08 14,689.89 13,719.27 2,067.59 0.00
Gemi UK Ltd 14,025.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Geminor UK Ltd 329,068.51 437,008.81 343,539.93 269,000.02 157,899.64
Greenway Waste Recycling Ltd 77.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Grundon Waste Management Ltd 32,411.91 24,853.53 16,728.75 0.00 0.00
Hills Waste Solutions Ltd 23,573.06 17,275.77 9,105.82 17,535.75 24,007.28
Hinkcroft Transport Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Island Waste Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
JBT Waste Services Ltd 17,864.16 11,825.51 0.00 0.00 0.00
McGrath Bros (Waste Control) Ltd 73,326.95 29,853.78 34,391.93 21,713.70 25,773.14
MDJ Light Brothers Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mick George Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 888.09 0.00
Mid UK Recycling Ltd 17,418.99 52,481.18 21,887.32 0.00 0.00
MJ Church (Plant) Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
N & P Alternative Fuels Ltd 357,394.08 364,872.26 291,130.13 165,732.54 128,270.67
New Earth Solutions (Canford) Ltd 45,822.05 30,610.45 34,737.55 14,347.93 7,009.56
New Earth Solutions (Leicestershire) Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
New Earth Solutions (West) Ltd 62,050.71 38,730.36 42,620.98 15,687.36 0.00
New Earth Solutions (West) Ltd T/A Mid UK Recycling 0.00 0.00 18,345.31 77,417.63 63,541.92
Niramax Group Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Northstone International Ltd 0.00 9,808.78 35,183.79 5,315.43 0.00
Pericula Ltd 288.59 1,199.70 3,793.76 0.00 0.00
PM Recycling Ltd 7,554.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Powerday PLC 37,885.51 18,027.72 17,758.95 12,319.72 2,513.75
Probio Energy Ltd 94,802.04 143,218.37 170,566.74 180,091.86 180,940.92
Quercia Ltd 54,156.17 58,484.97 55,589.38 58,498.90 54,419.39
REDACTED 869.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
REMONDIS Ltd 0.00 5,091.25 16,440.89 1,933.16 0.00
Renewi UK Services Ltd 0.00 30,053.00 30,874.23 22,926.44 104,647.07
Seneca Environmental Solutions Ltd 230,049.01 155,214.72 126,137.49 43,222.41 2,165.50
Shanks Waste Management Ltd 143,416.06 117,886.34 75,486.59 28,017.36 0.00
Specialised Waste Solutions Ltd 0.00 48.54 169.88 0.00 0.00
Street Fuel Ltd 56,041.22 44,128.26 23,593.62 15,564.15 34,654.58
SUEZ Recycling and Recovery UK Ltd 428,609.12 322,103.65 283,213.15 216,034.54 68,775.26
Taurus Waste Recycling Ltd 419.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thanet Waste Services Ltd 8,471.02 72.08 0.00 0.00 0.00
Totus Environmental Ltd 47,909.10 63,379.39 41,025.36 55,065.87 54,571.38
Transwaste Recycling & Aggregates Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Veolia ES (UK) Ltd 155,917.23 164,009.73 171,809.45 0.00 25,390.29
Wastecycle Ltd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Weir Waste Services Ltd 13,612.81 1,895.28 0.00 0.00 0.00
West Sussex Britaniacrest Seneca Partnership Ltd 0.00 30,259.62 56,241.95 70,878.36 67,500.18
Zweckverband Abfallbehandlung Kahlenberg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

References

  1. ↑ Typical ranges for Residual Waste as a Comparison
  2. ↑ Not generally defined for exports to EU (no biomass requirements.)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Not generally defined in a fuel spec
  4. ↑ CIWM Presidential Report 2018 Summary of Findings pdf
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