Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Difference between revisions

Line 6:

===== Dry Feedstock =====

The tangled properties of dry [[biomass]] give it a complex and rigid crystallinity structure which makes it tougher to process. Despite, the intrinsic source of hydrogen and carbon, the processing of the lignocellulose [[biomass]] is limited due to the substantial amount of the oxygen. [[Wood]]/woody [[biomass]]/lignocellulose is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is a long chain polysaccharide with high molecular weight and high degree of polymerisation due to the monomer glucose molecules being stiffly bonded by strong intra– and inter-molecular interactions. Hemicellulose is a branched structure hetero polymer with amorphous structure consisting of pentose and hexose as a polymer and is weaker in comparison to cellulose. Lignin possess similar morphological characteristic of amorphous form as hemicellulose, less solubility similar to cellulose and behaviour of hydrophobic nature~~<ref name="ref2" />~~.

The tangled properties of dry [[biomass]] give it a complex and rigid crystallinity structure which makes it tougher to process. Despite, the intrinsic source of hydrogen and carbon, the processing of the lignocellulose [[biomass]] is limited due to the substantial amount of the oxygen. [[Wood]]/woody [[biomass]]/lignocellulose is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is a long chain polysaccharide with high molecular weight and high degree of polymerisation due to the monomer glucose molecules being stiffly bonded by strong intra– and inter-molecular interactions. Hemicellulose is a branched structure hetero polymer with amorphous structure consisting of pentose and hexose as a polymer and is weaker in comparison to cellulose. Lignin possess similar morphological characteristic of amorphous form as hemicellulose, less solubility similar to cellulose and behaviour of hydrophobic nature.

Line 13:

Line 14:

===== Wet Feedstock =====

Wet [[feedstock]] usually consists of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and algaenanas. Lipids/fats are non-polar compounds which are immiscible/hydrophobic in nature and composed of fatty acids and glycerol. They are generally soluble in solvents and so the dielectric constant of the solvent in particular water at sub-critical conditions allows the greater miscibility. Proteins is one of the main constituents of algal [[biomass]] which consists of several chains of the monomer amino acid units. They are the building blocks of proteins and highly heterogeneous which presents a challenging process to degrading proteins. Carbohydrates are comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and are an important source of energy. Among several possibilities of wet [[biomass]], microalgae is considered to be an excellent source of biofuel production due to possessing characteristics of: high photosynthetic efficiency, maximum [[biomass]] production, fast growth rate and lack of arable soil requirements<ref name="ref2" />.

Wet [[feedstock]] usually consists of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and algaenanas. Lipids/fats are non-polar compounds which are immiscible/hydrophobic in nature and composed of fatty acids and glycerol. They are generally soluble in solvents and so the dielectric constant of the solvent in particular water at sub-critical conditions allows the greater miscibility. Proteins is one of the main constituents of algal [[biomass]] which consists of several chains of the monomer amino acid units. They are the building blocks of proteins and highly heterogeneous which presents a challenging process to degrading proteins. Carbohydrates are comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and are an important source of energy. Among several possibilities of wet [[biomass]], microalgae is considered to be an excellent source of biofuel production due to possessing characteristics of: high photosynthetic efficiency, maximum [[biomass]] production, fast growth rate and lack of arable soil requirements.

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ===== Dry Feedstock =====
 [[File:Dry Feedstock.png|500px|right|Process flow diagram of HTL process of lignocellulose biomass. All rights reserved.]]
-The tangled properties of dry [[biomass]] give it a complex and rigid crystallinity structure which makes it tougher to process. Despite, the intrinsic source of hydrogen and carbon, the processing of the lignocellulose [[biomass]] is limited due to the substantial amount of the oxygen. [[Wood]]/woody [[biomass]]/lignocellulose is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is a long chain polysaccharide with high molecular weight and high degree of polymerisation due to the monomer glucose molecules being stiffly bonded by strong intra– and inter-molecular interactions. Hemicellulose is a branched structure hetero polymer with amorphous structure consisting of pentose and hexose as a polymer and is weaker in comparison to cellulose. Lignin possess similar morphological characteristic of amorphous form as hemicellulose, less solubility similar to cellulose and behaviour of hydrophobic nature<ref name="ref2" />.
+The tangled properties of dry [[biomass]] give it a complex and rigid crystallinity structure which makes it tougher to process. Despite, the intrinsic source of hydrogen and carbon, the processing of the lignocellulose [[biomass]] is limited due to the substantial amount of the oxygen. [[Wood]]/woody [[biomass]]/lignocellulose is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is a long chain polysaccharide with high molecular weight and high degree of polymerisation due to the monomer glucose molecules being stiffly bonded by strong intra– and inter-molecular interactions. Hemicellulose is a branched structure hetero polymer with amorphous structure consisting of pentose and hexose as a polymer and is weaker in comparison to cellulose. Lignin possess similar morphological characteristic of amorphous form as hemicellulose, less solubility similar to cellulose and behaviour of hydrophobic nature.
+<ref name="ref2" />
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 ===== Wet Feedstock =====
 [[File:Wet Feedstock.png|500px|right|Process flow diagram of HTL process of algal/wet biomass. All rights reserved.]]
-Wet [[feedstock]] usually consists of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and algaenanas. Lipids/fats are non-polar compounds which are immiscible/hydrophobic in nature and composed of fatty acids and glycerol. They are generally soluble in solvents and so the dielectric constant of the solvent in particular water at sub-critical conditions allows the greater miscibility. Proteins is one of the main constituents of algal [[biomass]] which consists of several chains of the monomer amino acid units. They are the building blocks of proteins and highly heterogeneous which presents a challenging process to degrading proteins. Carbohydrates are comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and are an important source of energy. Among several possibilities of wet [[biomass]], microalgae is considered to be an excellent source of biofuel production due to possessing characteristics of: high photosynthetic efficiency, maximum [[biomass]] production, fast growth rate and lack of arable soil requirements<ref name="ref2" />.
+Wet [[feedstock]] usually consists of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and algaenanas. Lipids/fats are non-polar compounds which are immiscible/hydrophobic in nature and composed of fatty acids and glycerol. They are generally soluble in solvents and so the dielectric constant of the solvent in particular water at sub-critical conditions allows the greater miscibility. Proteins is one of the main constituents of algal [[biomass]] which consists of several chains of the monomer amino acid units. They are the building blocks of proteins and highly heterogeneous which presents a challenging process to degrading proteins. Carbohydrates are comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and are an important source of energy. Among several possibilities of wet [[biomass]], microalgae is considered to be an excellent source of biofuel production due to possessing characteristics of: high photosynthetic efficiency, maximum [[biomass]] production, fast growth rate and lack of arable soil requirements.
+<ref name="ref2" />