Rotary Kiln: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]

[[Rotary|~~Rotary kilns~~]] ~~are very robust and are~~ often used in solid/liquid [[waste]] [[incineration]] due to its versatility to treating a wide range of [[feedstock|feedstocks]] from slurries (wet process) through to dry materials (dry process) and [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous waste]] at high temperatures. The ~~kiln is a continuous counter current reactor which~~ consists of a long tube that is positioned at an angle near horizontal and is rotated. The angle and ~~rotation~~ allow [[feedstock]] to work its way down the tube ~~and dictate their~~ retention time in the kiln. Gas is passed through the tube counter current ~~to the solid reactant~~<ref name="ref1">[https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration]</ref>.

A [[Rotary Kiln]] is a robust [[Treatment|Thermal Treatment]] furnace/reactor often used in solid/liquid [[waste]] [[incineration]] due to its versatility to treating a wide range of [[feedstock|feedstocks]] from slurries (wet process) through to dry materials (dry process) and [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous waste]] at high temperatures. The [[Rotary Kiln]] consists of a long tube that is positioned at an angle near horizontal and is rotated. The angle and rotational speed allow [[feedstock]] to work its way down the tube, dictating the retention time in the kiln. Gas can be passed through the tube in the same direction as the [[feedstock]] (co-flow) or in the opposite direction to the [[feedstock]] (counter current)<ref name="ref1">[https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration]</ref>.

==The Process==

A typical ~~rotary kiln~~ [[incineration]] ~~unit~~ consists of two elements: the ~~rotary kiln~~ and the afterburner/secondary [[combustion]] chamber. The [[~~feedstock~~]] ~~enters the vessel which~~ is positioned longitudinally approximately 5-30° of the horizontal position and located on rollers to ensure continuous motion ~~of catalyst~~. The kiln contains a burner which is fired axially either in the same direction as the solids (co-flow) or the opposite direction (counter flow) to achieve good [[waste]] burnout. The residence time of the waste in the kiln is between 30 to 90 minutes. The afterburner/secondary [[combustion]] chamber maintains high temperature to destroy the more stable hazardous [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] (especially for [[Incineration|incinerations]] of [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous wastes]]) ~~and the ash/slag is released~~<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224475880_Design_and_construction_of_a_rotary_kiln_simulator_for_use_in_studying_the_incineration_of_hazardous_waste Design and Construction of a Rotary Kiln]</ref>.

A typical approach to this type of [[incineration]] consists of two elements: the [[Rotary Kiln]] and the afterburner/secondary [[combustion]] chamber:

* The [[Rotary Kiln]] is positioned longitudinally, at approximately 5-30° of the horizontal position, and located on rollers to ensure continuous rotating motion. The kiln contains a burner which is fired axially either in the same direction as the solids/[[feedstock]] (co-flow) or the opposite direction (counter flow) to achieve good [[waste]] burnout. The residence time of the waste in the kiln is between 30 to 90 minutes.

* The afterburner/secondary [[combustion]] chamber maintains high temperature to destroy the more stable hazardous [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] components (especially for [[Incineration|incinerations]] of [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous wastes]])<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224475880_Design_and_construction_of_a_rotary_kiln_simulator_for_use_in_studying_the_incineration_of_hazardous_waste Design and Construction of a Rotary Kiln]</ref>.

==Types of Waste Treated==

Rotary ~~kilns are~~ very robust and almost any [[waste]], regardless of type and composition, can be [[~~Incineration~~|~~incinerated~~]]. Kilns are widely used for the [[incineration]] of [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous wastes]] and ~~most hazardous clinical waste is~~ [[~~Incineration~~|~~incinerated~~]] ~~in high temperature rotary kiln incinerators~~. Solid, liquid and gaseous [[Waste|wastes]] as well as sludges can be [[Incineration|incinerated]] in rotary kilns. Solid materials are fed through a non-rotating hopper, liquid [[waste]] is injected into the kiln through burner nozzles and pumpable [[waste]] and sludges are injected into the kiln via water-cooled tubes<ref name="ref1" />.

A [[Rotary Kiln]] is a very robust approach to [[incineration]] and almost any [[waste]], regardless of type and composition, can be [[Treatment|Thermally Treated]]. Rotary Kilns are widely used for the [[incineration]] of [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous wastes]] and [[Clinical Waste|clinical waste]]. Solid, liquid and gaseous [[Waste|wastes]] as well as sludges can be [[Incineration|incinerated]] in rotary kilns. Solid materials are fed through a non-rotating hopper, liquid [[waste]] is injected into the kiln through burner nozzles and pumpable [[waste]] and sludges are injected into the kiln via water-cooled tubes<ref name="ref1" />.

==Operating Temperature==

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 [[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]
-[[Rotary|Rotary kilns]] are very robust and are often used in solid/liquid [[waste]] [[incineration]] due to its versatility to treating a wide range of [[feedstock|feedstocks]] from slurries (wet process) through to dry materials (dry process) and [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous waste]] at high temperatures. The kiln is a continuous counter current reactor which consists of a long tube that is positioned at an angle near horizontal and is rotated. The angle and rotation allow [[feedstock]] to work its way down the tube and dictate their retention time in the kiln. Gas is passed through the tube counter current to the solid reactant<ref name="ref1">[https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration]</ref>.
+A [[Rotary Kiln]] is a robust [[Treatment|Thermal Treatment]] furnace/reactor often used in solid/liquid [[waste]] [[incineration]] due to its versatility to treating a wide range of [[feedstock|feedstocks]] from slurries (wet process) through to dry materials (dry process) and [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous waste]] at high temperatures. The [[Rotary Kiln]] consists of a long tube that is positioned at an angle near horizontal and is rotated. The angle and rotational speed allow [[feedstock]] to work its way down the tube, dictating the retention time in the kiln. Gas can be passed through the tube in the same direction as the [[feedstock]] (co-flow) or in the opposite direction to the [[feedstock]] (counter current)<ref name="ref1">[https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration]</ref>.
 ==The Process==
 [[File:Diagram of a typical rotary kiln incinerator.png|300px|right|Diagram of a typical rotary kiln incinerator. All rights reserved.]]
-A typical rotary kiln [[incineration]] unit consists of two elements: the rotary kiln and the afterburner/secondary [[combustion]] chamber. The [[feedstock]] enters the vessel which is positioned longitudinally approximately 5-30° of the horizontal position and located on rollers to ensure continuous motion of catalyst. The kiln contains a burner which is fired axially either in the same direction as the solids (co-flow) or the opposite direction (counter flow) to achieve good [[waste]] burnout. The residence time of the waste in the kiln is between 30 to 90 minutes. The afterburner/secondary [[combustion]] chamber maintains high temperature to destroy the more stable hazardous [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] (especially for [[Incineration|incinerations]] of [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous wastes]]) and the ash/slag is released<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224475880_Design_and_construction_of_a_rotary_kiln_simulator_for_use_in_studying_the_incineration_of_hazardous_waste Design and Construction of a Rotary Kiln]</ref>.
+A typical approach to this type of [[incineration]] consists of two elements: the [[Rotary Kiln]] and the afterburner/secondary [[combustion]] chamber:
+* The [[Rotary Kiln]] is positioned longitudinally, at approximately 5-30° of the horizontal position, and located on rollers to ensure continuous rotating motion. The kiln contains a burner which is fired axially either in the same direction as the solids/[[feedstock]] (co-flow) or the opposite direction (counter flow) to achieve good [[waste]] burnout. The residence time of the waste in the kiln is between 30 to 90 minutes.
+* The afterburner/secondary [[combustion]] chamber maintains high temperature to destroy the more stable hazardous [[Flue Gas|flue gases]] components (especially for [[Incineration|incinerations]] of [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous wastes]])<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224475880_Design_and_construction_of_a_rotary_kiln_simulator_for_use_in_studying_the_incineration_of_hazardous_waste Design and Construction of a Rotary Kiln]</ref>.
 <br clear=all />
 ==Types of Waste Treated==
-Rotary kilns are very robust and almost any [[waste]], regardless of type and composition, can be [[Incineration|incinerated]]. Kilns are widely used for the [[incineration]] of [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous wastes]] and most hazardous clinical waste is [[Incineration|incinerated]] in high temperature rotary kiln incinerators. Solid, liquid and gaseous [[Waste|wastes]] as well as sludges can be [[Incineration|incinerated]] in rotary kilns. Solid materials are fed through a non-rotating hopper, liquid [[waste]] is injected into the kiln through burner nozzles and pumpable [[waste]] and sludges are injected into the kiln via water-cooled tubes<ref name="ref1" />.
+A [[Rotary Kiln]] is a very robust approach to [[incineration]] and almost any [[waste]], regardless of type and composition, can be [[Treatment|Thermally Treated]]. Rotary Kilns are widely used for the [[incineration]] of [[Hazardous Waste|hazardous wastes]] and [[Clinical Waste|clinical waste]]. Solid, liquid and gaseous [[Waste|wastes]] as well as sludges can be [[Incineration|incinerated]] in rotary kilns. Solid materials are fed through a non-rotating hopper, liquid [[waste]] is injected into the kiln through burner nozzles and pumpable [[waste]] and sludges are injected into the kiln via water-cooled tubes<ref name="ref1" />.
 ==Operating Temperature==