Magnetic Separator: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:42, 30 December 2021

A Magnetic Separator is a machine that is used to separate and recover ferrous, magnetic metals such as iron and steel from the non-magnetic fraction in the waste stream. This is achieved by passing waste materials, via a conveyor, over or under strong magnets.

Crossbelt Overband Magnet on MSW - Magnapower Image all rights reserved

Overview

A Magnetic Separator separates out the ferrous portion of the waste stream from the non-ferrous. The separation process extracts strongly magnetic (ferromagnetic) and even weekly magnetic (paramagnetic) materials by passing the waste stream over (or under) powerful magnets^[1]. The conventional use of magnetic separation can be placed into two categories: the purification of feeds with magnetic components (with the desired product being non-magnetic) and the concentration of magnetic materials (with the desired product being magnetic)^[2]. Close control of the speed of passage through the magnetic field is essential for efficient sorting/recovery rates^[3].

Applications^[4]

Waste management applications - to remove the ferrous portion from different waste materials such as:
- Dry Recyclables/DMR (mixed and twin streams)
- MSW
- C&I Waste
- C&D Waste/Skip Waste
- Waste Derived Fuel - to ensure reduction of metal in RDF and SRF to meet end specification
Scrap Metal Separation - to remove ferrous from mixed metal streams
Fridge Recycling Plants- to remove ferrous from mixed metal, plastic and glass stream
Tyres Recycling- to remove ferrous from rubber stream
Incinerator Bottom Ash - to remove ferrous from ash as part of production of IBAA
Biomass - to remove ferrous from Wood Waste to ensure purity for onward use
WEEE Processing - to remove ferrous from mixed metal and plastic streams
Window Frame Recycling - to remove ferrous from plastic streams

Benefits

Large capacity
High efficiency
Continuous process
Low operating cost^[5]

The Process

There are two primary types of Magnetic Separator:

Overband Magnets (which include electromagnetic overband magnets) - where the waste is passed under a magnet and a rotating conveyor belt pulls the ferrous metal away from the transporting conveyor. There are two types of configuration for overband magnets
- Inline Overband Magnets - where the magnet and extracting conveyor are aligned with the transporting conveyor
- Crossbelt Overband Magnets - where the magnet is at right angles to the transporting conveyor
Drum Magnets where the waste is passed over a rotating magnet to pull the ferrous metal away from the transporting conveyor belt

Overband Magnet

Overband Cross Belt Schematic - Magnapower Image - all rights reserved Schematic Diagram of a Crossbelt Magnetic Separator^[4]	1. The feed material is fed onto the conveyor belt and is transported under the magnet.	Crossbelt Overband Magnet - Magnapower Image - all rights reserved
	2. The ferrous material is drawn up towards the magnet from the waste stream.
	3. A rotating conveyor with paddles carries the ferrous material over the side of the transporting conveyor where it drops out of the magnetic field into a separate bin.
	4. The non-magnetic material continues on the transporting conveyor unaffected by the process.

Drum Magnet

Magnetic Separator Diagram. All Rights Reserved. Schematic Diagram of a Drum Magnetic Separator^[1]	1. The feed material is fed onto the conveyor belt and is transported towards the magnetic pulley end.	Drum Magnet - MangnaPower Image, all rights reserved
	2. The waste stream falls off the end of the pulley and travels downward by the combined action of gravitational and frictional forces.
	3. Magnetic forces produced by the stationary magnets within the pulley hold the ferrous material against the rotating drum and deposit them in the ferromagnetic bin.
	4. The diamagnetic (non-magnetic) material falls into a separate bin as they are repelled from the magnetic field^[1].

References

[ref1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Magnetic Separation

[2] Magnetic Separation: A Review of Principles, Devices, and Applications

[3] Magnetic and Electrical Separation

[ref2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Based on Information within Magnapower Website accessed Dec. 2021

[5] Developments in the physical separation of iron ore: magnetic separation

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-A [[Magnetic Separator]] is a machine that is used to separate and recover [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]], magnetic metals such as iron and steel from the [[Non-Ferrous Metal|non-magnetic]] fraction in the [[Waste|waste]] stream. This is achieved by passing [[Waste|waste]] materials, via a conveyor, over strong magnets.
+A [[Magnetic Separator]] is a machine that is used to separate and recover [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]], magnetic metals such as iron and steel from the [[Non-Ferrous Metal|non-magnetic]] fraction in the [[Waste|waste]] stream. This is achieved by passing [[Waste|waste]] materials, via a conveyor, over or under strong magnets.
 [[Category:Technologies & Solutions]]
+[[File:Crossbelt-overband-in-MSW-processing-plant-1087x614.jpg|400px|left|Crossbelt Overband Magnet on MSW - Magnapower Image all rights reserved]]__TOC__
+<br clear='left'/>
 ==Overview==
-A [[Magnetic Separator]] separates out the [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] portion of the [[Waste|waste]] stream from the [[Non-Ferrous Metal|non-ferrous]]. The separation process extracts ferromagnetic (strongly magnetic) and even paramagnetic (weekly attracted by a magnetic field) materials by passing the [[Waste|waste]] stream over powerful magnets<ref name="ref1">[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/14356007.b02_19?saml_referrer Magnetic Separation]</ref>. The conventional use of [[Ferrous Metal|magnetic]] separation can be placed into two categories: the purification of feeds with [[Ferrous Metal|magnetic]] components (with the desired product being [[Non-Ferrous Metal|non-magnetic]]) and the concentration of [[Ferrous Metal|magnetic]] materials (with the desired product being [[Ferrous Metal|magnetic]])<ref>[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1058315 Magnetic Separation: A Review of Principles, Devices, and Applications]</ref>. Close control of the speed of passage through the magnetic field is essential for efficient sorting/recovery rates<ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080970530000133 Magnetic and Electrical Separation]</ref>.
+A [[Magnetic Separator]] separates out the [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] portion of the [[Waste|waste]] stream from the [[Non-Ferrous Metal|non-ferrous]]. The separation process extracts strongly magnetic (ferromagnetic) and even  weekly magnetic (paramagnetic) materials by passing the [[Waste|waste]] stream over (or under) powerful magnets<ref name="ref1">[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/14356007.b02_19?saml_referrer Magnetic Separation]</ref>. The conventional use of [[Ferrous Metal|magnetic]] separation can be placed into two categories: the purification of feeds with [[Ferrous Metal|magnetic]] components (with the desired product being [[Non-Ferrous Metal|non-magnetic]]) and the concentration of [[Ferrous Metal|magnetic]] materials (with the desired product being [[Ferrous Metal|magnetic]])<ref>[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1058315 Magnetic Separation: A Review of Principles, Devices, and Applications]</ref>. Close control of the speed of passage through the magnetic field is essential for efficient sorting/recovery rates<ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080970530000133 Magnetic and Electrical Separation]</ref>.
-==Applications==
+==Applications<ref name="ref2">[https://www.magnapower.com/permanent-overband-magnets/crossbelt-overband-magnet/ Based on Information within Magnapower Website accessed Dec. 2021]</ref>==
-*Water treatment
+* Waste management applications - to remove the [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] portion from different [[Waste|waste]] materials such as:
-*[[Waste]] treatment for recovery of [[Ferrous Metal|ferromagnetic]] materials
+** Dry Recyclables/[[DMR]] (mixed and [[Twin Stream Collection|twin streams]])
-*Removal of paramagnetic impurities
+** [[MSW]]
-*Chemical processing<ref name="ref1" />
+** [[C&I Waste]]
+** [[C&D Waste]]/Skip Waste
+** [[Waste Derived Fuel]] - to ensure reduction of metal in [[RDF]] and [[SRF]] to meet end specification
+* [[Metal|Scrap Metal]] Separation - to remove [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] from mixed metal streams
+* [[WEEE - Fridges & Freezers|Fridge]] Recycling Plants- to remove [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] from mixed metal, plastic and glass stream
+* [[Tyres]] Recycling- to remove [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] from rubber stream
+* [[Incinerator Bottom Ash]] - to remove [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] from ash as part of production of [[IBAA]]
+* [[Biomass]] - to remove [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] from [[Wood Waste]] to ensure purity for onward use
+* [[WEEE]] Processing - to remove [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] from mixed metal and plastic streams
+* Window Frame Recycling - to remove [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] from plastic streams
 ==Benefits==
@@ Line 18: / Line 29: @@
 ==The Process==
+There are two primary types of [[Magnetic Separator]]:
+* '''Overband Magnets''' (which include electromagnetic overband magnets) - where the waste is passed under a magnet and a rotating conveyor belt pulls the ferrous metal away from the transporting conveyor. There are two types of configuration for overband magnets
+** Inline Overband Magnets - where the magnet and extracting conveyor are aligned with the transporting conveyor
+** Crossbelt Overband Magnets - where the magnet is at right angles to the transporting conveyor
+* '''Drum Magnets'''  where the waste is passed over a rotating magnet to pull the ferrous metal away from the transporting conveyor belt
+===Overband Magnet===
+{|
+|-
+|rowspan=4|[[File:Overband-crossbelt-schematic-1024x592.png|400px|left|Overband Cross Belt Schematic - Magnapower Image - all rights reserved]]<br clear=all>''Schematic Diagram of a Crossbelt Magnetic Separator''<ref name="ref2" />|| 1. The feed material is fed onto the conveyor belt and is transported under the magnet.||rowspan=4|
+[[File:Overband-with-steel-armoured-belt-2048x1284.jpg|400px|left|Crossbelt Overband Magnet - Magnapower Image - all rights reserved]]
+|-
+| 2. The [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] material is drawn up towards the magnet from the [[Waste|waste]] stream.
+|-
+| 3. A rotating conveyor with paddles carries the [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] material over the side of the transporting conveyor where it drops out of the magnetic field into a separate bin.
+|-
+| 4. The non-magnetic material continues on the transporting conveyor unaffected by the process.
+|}
+===Drum Magnet===
 {|
 |-
-|rowspan=4|[[File:Magnetic Separator Diagram Numbered.png|450px|left|Magnetic Separator Diagram. All Rights Reserved.]]<br clear=all>''Schematic Diagram of a Magnetic Separator<ref name="ref1" />''|| 1. The feed material is fed onto the conveyor belt and is transported towards the magnetic pulley end.
+|rowspan=4|[[File:Magnetic Separator Diagram Numbered.png|400px|left|Magnetic Separator Diagram. All Rights Reserved.]]<br clear=all>''Schematic Diagram of a Drum Magnetic Separator<ref name="ref1" />''|| 1. The feed material is fed onto the conveyor belt and is transported towards the magnetic pulley end.||rowspan=4|
+[[File:Drum-magnet-and-feeder-with-guards-not-fitted-4-1024x681.jpg|350px|left|Drum Magnet - MangnaPower Image, all rights reserved]]
 |-
 | 2. The [[Waste|waste]] stream falls off the end of the pulley and travels downward by the combined action of gravitational and frictional forces.
 |-
 | 3. Magnetic forces produced by the stationary magnets within the pulley hold the [[Ferrous Metal|ferrous]] material against the rotating drum and deposit them in the [[Ferrous Metal|ferromagnetic]] bin.