Solid Recovered Fuel: Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | [[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | ||
Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) is distinct from [[RDF]] in that its quality as a fuel is far superior. It is typically used in processes that require a high quality, small particle size, high [[Calorific Value]], low [[Moisture Content]] material – such as | [[Solid Recovered Fuel]] ([[SRF]]) is distinct from [[Refuse Derived Fuel]] ([[RDF]]) in that its quality as a fuel is far superior. It is typically used in processes that require a high quality, small particle size, high [[Calorific Value]], low [[Moisture Content]] material – such as [[Cement Kilns]] and new-generation [[ATT]] plants. There is a move in the UK towards the production of pellets from [[SRF]] for subsequent use in industrial processes. | ||
[[File:Picture of SRF.png|200px|left|Picture of loose SRF, source Geminor all rights reserved]]__TOC__ | |||
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Solid Recovered | ==Context== | ||
[[Solid Recovered Fuel]] ([[SRF]]) is distinct from [[Refuse Derived Fuel]] ([[RDF]]) in that its quality as a fuel is far superior. It is typically used in processes that require a high quality, small particle size, high [[Calorific Value]], low [[Moisture Content]] material – such as [[Cement Kilns]] and new-generation [[ATT]] plants. There is a move in the UK towards the production of pellets from [[SRF]] for subsequent use in industrial processes. | |||
Solid Recovered Fuels are covered by international technical specifications which set, amongst other parameters, the chemical and physical parameters of an [[SRF]] <ref>[https://www.iso.org/committee/5960430.html] ISO/TC 300 Solid Recovered Fuels </ref> | |||
==Composition of Solid Recovered Fuel== | |||
The composition of [[SRF]] is defined in the international specification set out above, but often an [[SRF]] in the UK can be a more refined [[RDF]] rather than something that complies entirely with the specification standard. The main chemical parameters that vary between an [[RDF]] and [[SRF]] mentioned above are broadly as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Parameter !! [[RDF]] Example !! SRF Example | ! Parameter !! [[RDF]] Example !! [[SRF]] Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Net [[CV]] || 11 MJ/kg || 18 MJ/kg | | Net [[CV]] || 11 MJ/kg || 18 MJ/kg | ||
| Line 21: | Line 24: | ||
| Particle Size || 300mm || 40mm | | Particle Size || 300mm || 40mm | ||
|} | |} | ||
Chlorine is a particular issue due to its tendency to form [[wikipedia:Hydrochloric acid | Hydrochloric Acid]] in an energy recovery process, which then requires specific abatement/clean-up technologies. With limited such arrangements in [[Cement Kilns]] this means that they generally have a lower tolerance for Chlorine closer in a final specification [[RDF]] or [[SRF]]. In addition, the use of any [[Waste Derived Fuel]] in [[Cement Kilns]] has the potential to impact the final quality of the cement produced, and so the composition of an [[RDF]] or [[SRF]] is critical in the decision to use it in such an application in terms of the ash content of the [[RDF]]/[[SRF]]. | |||
==Export of Solid Recovered Fuel== | |||
Whilst the data reported for 2019 suggests in excess of 400,000 tonnes of [[RDF]] and [[SRF]] were used in [[Cement Kilns]] in the UK, there has been a growing and steady export market since 2014 for [[SRF]] into cement kilns. Whilst the export of [[SRF]] from the UK is often reported within the overall [[Waste Derived Fuel]]/[[RDF]] statistics, data for England alone from the [[EA]] shows a proportional growth in [[SRF]] export in the context of a reduction in [[RDF]], as shown in the graph below. | |||
[[File:RDF and SRF Export.png|450px|center|RDF and SRF Export - analysis of EA data by Monksleigh]] | |||
==Nascent [[SRF]] Pellet Market== | |||
Increasingly the market is considering further refinement (including reducing moisture and increasing [[NCV]]) of [[SRF]] to produce a high quality fuel pellet for ease of storage, haulage, and introduction into a [[Cement Kiln]], with some companies seeking to achieve [[End of Waste Criteria]] classification that would then enable the material to be used in other applications as a blended substitute for coal. There are three main organisations pursuing this approach in the UK market at the present time, each with a different 'brand name' for their pellet: | |||
===N+P (Subcoal®)=== | |||
[[N+P]] have been producing a pellet in their operation in the Netherlands and are in the process of producing their Subcoal®<ref>[https://www.np-recycling.nl/en/alternative-fuels/subcoal.html N+P website]</ref> pellets in their first plant in the UK in Teeside, with plans to expand to this at their recently acquired facility at Crayford<ref>[https://www.npgroup.com/blog/np-acquires-materials-recycling-facility-crayford N+P Press Release January 2022]</ref> | |||
===Waste Knot (SIRF Pellets)=== | |||
[[Waste Knot]]'s SIRF pellet<ref>[https://www.wasteknot-energy.com/product/#:~:text=SRF%20Pellets,Net%20Calorific%20Value%20of%20c Waste Knot SIRF Web page]</ref> is to be produced in their first plant, which is under construction in Middlesborough<ref>[https://www.wasteknot-energy.com/latest-news/ Waste Knot Website News Page]</ref> | |||
===Eco-PowerFuels (Eco Power Pellets)=== | |||
[[Eco-PowerFuels]] have been producing their Eco-Power Pellets in their facility in Humberside<ref>[http://www.eco-powerfuels.com/fuels/ Eco-PowerFuels Website]</ref> and in January 2021 was reported to have signed a contract to supply [[Tarmac]]'s [[Tunstead Cement Kiln]]<ref>[https://www.worldcement.com/europe-cis/22012021/tarmac-agrees-srf-pellet-deal-with-eco-power-environmental-group/ News Article from World Cement]</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||