Landfill: Difference between revisions
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Whilst Landfill is the ultimate destination for waste, ideally after all forms of [[Reuse]], [[Recycling]], and [[Recovery]] have been undertaken, there will always be a small element of waste that will need to be landfilled in a safe and secure way (under the [[Landfill Directive]] no more than 10% of [[MSW]] generated by weight is to be landfilled by 2035). In developing countries, with limited infrastructure, the delivery of Sanitary Landfill would represent a huge step forwards in protecting water resources and human health. | Whilst Landfill is the ultimate destination for waste, ideally after all forms of [[Reuse]], [[Recycling]], and [[Recovery]] have been undertaken, there will always be a small element of waste that will need to be landfilled in a safe and secure way (under the [[Landfill Directive]] no more than 10% of [[MSW]] generated by weight is to be landfilled by 2035). In developing countries, with limited infrastructure, the delivery of Sanitary Landfill would represent a huge step forwards in protecting water resources and human health. | ||
The key legal requirements for managing landfill have been implemented in the UK through the [[Landfill (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2005|Landfill Regulations 2005]] which implemented the [[Landfill Directive]] and defined | The key legal requirements for managing landfill have been implemented in the UK through the [[Landfill (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2005|Landfill Regulations 2005]] which implemented the [[Landfill Directive]] and defined three types of Landfill: | ||
*'''[[Inert Landfill]]''' | *'''[[Inert Landfill]]''' | ||
*'''[[Non-Hazardous Landfill]]''' (and those with a '''[[Stabilised Non-Reactive Hazardous Waste]] cell''') | |||
*'''[[Hazardous Landfill]]''' | |||
and the standards are set out for the key stages of landfill in regards to: | and the standards are set out for the key stages of landfill in regards to: | ||
*initial choice of location | *initial choice of location | ||
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==Landfill Capacity== | ==Landfill Capacity== | ||
===England=== | ===England=== | ||
All data 2020. | All data 2020<ref>[https://data.gov.uk/dataset/237825cb-dc10-4c53-8446-1bcd35614c12/remaining-landfill-capacity EA Remaining Landfill Capacity]</ref>. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}}{{#get_db_data: | {{#clear_external_data:}}{{#get_db_data: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Type of Landfill !! Number of Sites !! Total Void (m<sup>3</sup>) !! Average Void per site (m<sup>3</sup>){{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ! Type of [[Landfill]] !! Number of Sites !! Total Void (m<sup>3</sup>) !! Average Void per site (m<sup>3</sup>){{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ||
{{!}}- | {{!}}- | ||
{{!}} {{{type}}} | {{!}} [[{{{type}}}]] | ||
{{!}} {{{num}}} | {{!}} {{{num}}} | ||
{{!}} {{{void}}} | {{!}} {{{void}}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Scotland=== | ===Scotland=== | ||
All Data for 2019, owning to a cyber attack at SEPA there is currently no 2020 data. | All Data for 2019, owning to a cyber attack at [[SEPA]] there is currently no 2020 data. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}}{{#get_db_data: | {{#clear_external_data:}}{{#get_db_data: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Type of Landfill !! Number of Sites !! Total Void (tonnes) !! Average Void per site (tonnes){{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ! Type of [[Landfill]] !! Number of Sites !! Total Void (tonnes) !! Average Void per site (tonnes){{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ||
{{!}}- | {{!}}- | ||
{{!}} {{{type}}} | {{!}} [[{{{type}}}]] | ||
{{!}} {{{num}}} | {{!}} {{{num}}} | ||
{{!}} {{{void}}} | {{!}} {{{void}}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Type of Landfill !! Number of Sites !! Total Void (m<sup>3</sup>) !! Average Void per site (m<sup>3</sup>){{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ! Type of [[Landfill]] !! Number of Sites !! Total Void (m<sup>3</sup>) !! Average Void per site (m<sup>3</sup>){{#for_external_table:<nowiki/> | ||
{{!}}- | {{!}}- | ||
{{!}} {{{type}}} | {{!}} [[{{{type}}}]] | ||
{{!}} {{{num}}} | {{!}} {{{num}}} | ||
{{!}} {{{void}}} | {{!}} {{{void}}} | ||
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*To provide an effective growing medium and afteruse for the site | *To provide an effective growing medium and afteruse for the site | ||
Commonly, the capping layer will consist of a compacted clay layer of 1 metre thickness, placed on the last levels of the waste (which is often a thicker layer of final cover to provide a uniform level for placement of the material). This capping layer can be replaced or supplemented by '''flexible membranes''' such as LLDPE (Linear Low Density Polyethylene) or GCL (Geo-synthetic Clay) in varying combinations. Flexible membranes can be welded together (or fused) similar to engineering lining systems or laid over-lapped with no fused joints. | Commonly, the capping layer will consist of a compacted clay layer of 1 metre thickness, placed on the last levels of the waste (which is often a thicker layer of final cover to provide a uniform level for placement of the material). This capping layer can be replaced or supplemented by '''flexible membranes''' such as LLDPE (Linear Low Density Polyethylene) or GCL (Geo-synthetic Clay) in varying combinations. Flexible membranes can be welded together (or fused) similar to engineering lining systems or laid over-lapped with no fused joints. Guidance on landfill capping was published by the Engineering Sub-group of the EA/industry Landfill Regulation Group in 2018. | ||
Soil thickness will depend upon the proposed afteruse of the site; uses involving deep-rooted plants will require thicker soils to protect the engineered capping layer from root-penetration. | Soil thickness will depend upon the proposed afteruse of the site; uses involving deep-rooted plants will require thicker soils to protect the engineered capping layer from root-penetration. | ||
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Landfill sites where all tipping has ceased and the all infrastructure for '''post-closure''' management has been installed are deemed "closed" following agreement with the [[EA]]. | Landfill sites where all tipping has ceased and the all infrastructure for '''post-closure''' management has been installed are deemed "closed" following agreement with the [[EA]]. | ||
The landfill operator is required to continue to | The landfill operator is required to continue to monitor and manage the site post-closure until it can be shown to the satisfaction of the [[EA]] that the active management of the site by the operator is no longer required. Assessment of such a state is measured against criteria identified in WMP26A<ref name="refA" /> and subsequent [[EA]] guidance. It is generally accepted for non-hazardous landfill sites that this is unlikely to be demonstrated for at least 60 years post-closure or possibly longer. This period is known as the '''aftercare''' period. | ||
There is published guidance on landfill permit surrender available from the [[EA]]<ref>Additional guidance for Landfill (EPR 5.02) and other permanent deposits of waste - How to surrender your environmental permit</ref>. | There is published guidance on landfill permit surrender available from the [[EA]]<ref>Additional guidance for Landfill (EPR 5.02) and other permanent deposits of waste - How to surrender your environmental permit</ref>and guidance was updated in March 2022<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/landfill-epr-502-and-other-permanent-deposits-of-waste-how-to-surrender-your-environmental-permit?</ref>. | ||
===Settlement and Surcharge=== | ===Settlement and Surcharge=== | ||