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[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]]
[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]]
 
[[Paper & Card]] wastes include any single one or mixture of the following: Paper, card, board, board/plastic composites and other paper composite products. Most of this waste arises from offices and packaging<ref name="foo" >DEFRA, 2011. [http://adlib.everysite.co.uk/adlib/defra/content.aspx?id=000IL3890W.19N07QC5PF26XN ARCHIVE: Waste Management Advisor - Paper and card (clean).] [online] adlib.everysite.co.uk. [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>.
[[File:Paper-recycling-plant-2.jpg|300px|left|Recycled cardboard in bales]]__TOC__
<br clear='left'/>
== Overview ==
== Overview ==
[[Paper & Card]] wastes include any single one or mixture of the following: Paper, card, board, board/plastic composites and other paper composite products. Most of this waste arises from offices and packaging<ref name="foo" >DEFRA, 2011. [http://adlib.everysite.co.uk/adlib/defra/content.aspx?id=000IL3890W.19N07QC5PF26XN ARCHIVE: Waste Management Advisor - Paper and card (clean).] [online] adlib.everysite.co.uk. [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>.
[[Paper & Card]] is essentially derived from trees and so, if it is to be sustainable, paper and card waste should be recycled so the rate at which these materials are used does not exceed the rate at which the trees can grow<ref name="foo" />.   
 
Paper and card is essentially derived from trees and so, if it is to be sustainable, paper and card waste should be recycled so the rate at which these materials are used does not exceed the rate at which the trees can grow<ref name="foo" />.   


In addition to recycling, a significant portion of paper and card waste is sent to [[Energy Recovery Facility|energy recovery facilities]] as part of the waste mix where [[recycling]] has not fully recovered the material, totaling  566,000 tonnes in 2014<ref>WRAP, 2016. [https://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Paper%20and%20Card%20Flow%202020%20Final%20for%20publication.pdf. Final Report - Paper and Card Flow 2020.] [online]</ref>. Where this material is in the waste mix and sent to [[Energy Recovery Facility|energy recovery facilities]] it is counted as [[Biomass]]/Renewable content.  
In addition to recycling, a significant portion of paper and card waste is sent to [[Energy Recovery Facility|energy recovery facilities]] as part of the waste mix where [[recycling]] has not fully recovered the material, totaling  566,000 tonnes in 2014<ref>WRAP, 2016. [https://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Paper%20and%20Card%20Flow%202020%20Final%20for%20publication.pdf. Final Report - Paper and Card Flow 2020.] [online]</ref>. Where this material is in the waste mix and sent to [[Energy Recovery Facility|energy recovery facilities]] it is counted as [[Biomass]]/Renewable content.  
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The grouping of Paper & Card is a broad category but captures a wide range of different specific categories/types within the [[recycling]] sector that essentially specializes in the [[recycling]] and the national and international trading of the fibre (from the different types) back into paper and cardboard (and to some degree the value of fibre in recycled paper and card types links back the value and availability of fibre derived from trees and wood). Each time Paper & Card is recycled the fibre length shortens, resulting in a progressive use towards lower grades of Paper & Card products over time.
The grouping of Paper & Card is a broad category but captures a wide range of different specific categories/types within the [[recycling]] sector that essentially specializes in the [[recycling]] and the national and international trading of the fibre (from the different types) back into paper and cardboard (and to some degree the value of fibre in recycled paper and card types links back the value and availability of fibre derived from trees and wood). Each time Paper & Card is recycled the fibre length shortens, resulting in a progressive use towards lower grades of Paper & Card products over time.


=== Paper and Card Grades (examples) ===
Under [[Simpler Recycling]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system</ref> [[Paper & Card|Paper and Card]] is defined as all paper and card except:
Whilst the macro split is into essentially into paper & Card, the businesses specializing in these material trade in the wider markets which have a global influence. Grades of Paper and Card might include, for example:
* Paper and card that contains glitter or foil
* Paper that is laminated
* Stickers and sticky paper
* Padded lined envelopes
* Paperback and hardback books
* Wallpaper
 
== Paper and Card Grades (examples incl. [[KLS]], [[OCC]] and [[NEWS and PAMS]]) ==
Whilst the macro split is into essentially into [[Paper & Card]], the businesses specializing in these material trade in the wider markets which have a global influence. Categories and grades might include, for example:
*Mixed Papers
*Mixed Papers
*'''Old KLS''' (also known as OCC)
*'''Old [[KLS]]''' (also sometimes combined with [[OCC]])
*'''NEWS and PAMS''' (a term covering Newspapers, Periodicals and Magazines)
*'''[[NEWS and PAMS]]'''  
*'''OCC''' 11 (Old Corrugated Cardboard/Containers - grade 11)
*'''[[OCC]] 11''' (grade 11)
*Over Issue
*Over Issue
*Best White No.2
*Best White No.2
*Sorted Office Waste
*Sorted Office Waste
‌  
‌
A European list of standard grades of paper and board is captured in EN 643 which was revised in 2013<ref>[https://www.pita.org.uk/images/PDF/CEPI_EN_643_Documentation.pdf Guidance on the Revised EN643]</ref>. There are 5 groups that fall with in the definition of 'Paper and Board for Recycling', further defined as ''natural fibre-based paper and board suitable for recycling; consisting of paper and board in any shape or product made predominately from paper and board, which may include other constituents that cannot be removed by dry sorting, such as coatings, laminates, spiral bindings etc''. The Groups under EN 643 are:
# Ordinary Grades
# Medium Grades
# High Grades
# Kraft Grades
# Special Grades
 
== Macro Tonnages ==
== Macro Tonnages ==
The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> is based on 2016 data and is summarized in the pie chart below, with 6,989,853 tonnes of paper & cardboard wastes generated in the UK in 2016 as part of the broader tonnage reported in [[UK Waste Tonnage]]:
The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> is based on 2016 data and is summarized in the pie chart below, with 6,989,853 tonnes of paper & cardboard wastes generated in the UK in 2016 as part of the broader tonnage reported in [[UK Waste Tonnage]]:
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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 500 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 500 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Books' and tonnage >= 500|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Books' and tonnage >= 500|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! Authority
! Authority
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! Material
! Material
! Tonnes
! Tonnes
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
! Reporting Period
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
|}
|}


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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Card' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Card' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! Authority
! Authority
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! Material
! Material
! Tonnes
! Tonnes
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
! Reporting Period
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
|}
|}


== Mixed Paper & Card ==
== Mixed Paper & Card ==
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed Paper & Card' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed Paper and Card' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! Authority
! Authority
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! Material
! Material
! Tonnes
! Tonnes
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
! Reporting Period
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
|}
|}


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Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 7000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 7000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#clear_external_data:}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Paper' and tonnage >= 7000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Paper' and tonnage >= 7000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! Authority
! Authority
Line 109: Line 127:
! Material
! Material
! Tonnes
! Tonnes
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
! Reporting Period
{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
|}
|}


== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />

Latest revision as of 08:06, 28 February 2024

Paper & Card wastes include any single one or mixture of the following: Paper, card, board, board/plastic composites and other paper composite products. Most of this waste arises from offices and packaging[1].

Recycled cardboard in bales
Recycled cardboard in bales


Overview

Paper & Card is essentially derived from trees and so, if it is to be sustainable, paper and card waste should be recycled so the rate at which these materials are used does not exceed the rate at which the trees can grow[1].

In addition to recycling, a significant portion of paper and card waste is sent to energy recovery facilities as part of the waste mix where recycling has not fully recovered the material, totaling 566,000 tonnes in 2014[2]. Where this material is in the waste mix and sent to energy recovery facilities it is counted as Biomass/Renewable content.

The grouping of Paper & Card is a broad category but captures a wide range of different specific categories/types within the recycling sector that essentially specializes in the recycling and the national and international trading of the fibre (from the different types) back into paper and cardboard (and to some degree the value of fibre in recycled paper and card types links back the value and availability of fibre derived from trees and wood). Each time Paper & Card is recycled the fibre length shortens, resulting in a progressive use towards lower grades of Paper & Card products over time.

Under Simpler Recycling[3] Paper and Card is defined as all paper and card except:

  • Paper and card that contains glitter or foil
  • Paper that is laminated
  • Stickers and sticky paper
  • Padded lined envelopes
  • Paperback and hardback books
  • Wallpaper

Paper and Card Grades (examples incl. KLS, OCC and NEWS and PAMS)

Whilst the macro split is into essentially into Paper & Card, the businesses specializing in these material trade in the wider markets which have a global influence. Categories and grades might include, for example:

  • Mixed Papers
  • Old KLS (also sometimes combined with OCC)
  • NEWS and PAMS
  • OCC 11 (grade 11)
  • Over Issue
  • Best White No.2
  • Sorted Office Waste

‌ A European list of standard grades of paper and board is captured in EN 643 which was revised in 2013[4]. There are 5 groups that fall with in the definition of 'Paper and Board for Recycling', further defined as natural fibre-based paper and board suitable for recycling; consisting of paper and board in any shape or product made predominately from paper and board, which may include other constituents that cannot be removed by dry sorting, such as coatings, laminates, spiral bindings etc. The Groups under EN 643 are:

  1. Ordinary Grades
  2. Medium Grades
  3. High Grades
  4. Kraft Grades
  5. Special Grades

Macro Tonnages

The most recent information published by DEFRA [5] is based on 2016 data and is summarized in the pie chart below, with 6,989,853 tonnes of paper & cardboard wastes generated in the UK in 2016 as part of the broader tonnage reported in UK Waste Tonnage:

Paper and Cardboard Wastes
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Data Table
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (AFF) 8,425
Mining and Quarrying (MQ) 1,168
Industrial (Ind) 1,329,827
Construction (Con) 20,000
Commercial (Com) 4,535,548
Household (HH) 1,094,886


The macro numbers above under report the total paper & card put into the market as the macro numbers exclude tonnage in mixed categories. The macro numbers also do not breakdown the component elements of paper & card, but the following headers in the page are the materials as handled by local authorities and as reported through WasteDataFlow.

Books

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 500 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.


Authority Stream Facility Operator Address Material Tonnes Reporting Period
Bromley LB Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Multiple destinations Multiple Books 1,537.94 Apr21 - Mar22
West Sussex County Council Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) DS Smith Paper Ltd Kemsley Paper Mill, Kemsley, Sittingbourne, Kent Books 947.36 Apr21 - Mar22
Kingston-upon-Hull City Council Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Other/Exempt JMP WILCOX & CO LTD, BELDRAY WORKS, BELDRAY ROAD BILSTON, WOLVERHAMPTON, WEST MIDLANDS , WV14 7NH Books 713.07 Apr21 - Mar22
Birmingham City Council Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Other/Exempt Books Wilcox Beldray Works, Beldray Road, Bilston, Wolverhampton WV14 7NHTetiles and footwear a number of charities Books 669.23 Apr21 - Mar22
Wandsworth LB Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Other/Exempt Chris Carey's CollectionsRaymond HouseCricket LaneBeckenhamKentBR3 1LW Books 574.99 Apr21 - Mar22
East Riding of Yorkshire Council Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Other/Exempt Wilcox Industrial Supply Co. Beldray Works, Beldray Road Bilston, West Midlands WV14 7NH Books 527.00 Apr21 - Mar22

Card

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.


Authority Stream Facility Operator Address Material Tonnes Reporting Period
Worcestershire County Council Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Dew Mr David & Dew Mr Jonathan Unit 100, Blackpole Road, Blackpole Trading Estate, Worcester, Worcestershire Card 33,990.98 Apr21 - Mar22
Birmingham City Council Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Smurfit Kappa UK Ltd Mount Street, Nechells, Birmingham Card 18,203.36 Apr21 - Mar22
Bristol City Council Source segregated recyclate Exporter - recycling (qu19) Kier M G Limited Bristol Waste Recycling Facility, Albert Road, St Philips, Bristol, Avon Card 12,732.40 Apr21 - Mar22

Mixed Paper & Card

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 5000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.


Authority Stream Facility Operator Address Material Tonnes Reporting Period

Paper

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 7000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.


Authority Stream Facility Operator Address Material Tonnes Reporting Period
Somerset Waste Partnership Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) DS Smith Paper Ltd Kemsley Paper Mill, Kemsley, Sittingbourne, Kent Paper 9,979.69 Apr21 - Mar22
Lancashire County Council Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Recycling Lives Ltd D1/ D2 Longridge Road, Red Scar Bus Park, Preston, Lancashire Paper 8,725.31 Apr21 - Mar22
Vale of Glamorgan Council Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Cowbridge Compost Ltd The Lodge, Llwynhelig, Gibbots Hill, Cowbridge, Vale Of Glamorgan Paper 8,502.31 Apr21 - Mar22
Pembrokeshire County Council Comingled recyclate Materials recovery facility A J Recycling Ltd Meigan Wells, Blaenfodd, Boncath, Pembrokeshire Paper 7,459.55 Apr21 - Mar22
St Helens MBC Source segregated recyclate Reprocessor - recycling (qu19) Biffa Waste Services Ltd Pocket Nook Resource Management Centre, Pocket Nook Street, St Helens, Warrington, Cheshire Paper 7,451.41 Apr21 - Mar22

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 DEFRA, 2011. ARCHIVE: Waste Management Advisor - Paper and card (clean). [online] adlib.everysite.co.uk. [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].
  2. ↑ WRAP, 2016. Final Report - Paper and Card Flow 2020. [online]
  3. ↑ https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system
  4. ↑ Guidance on the Revised EN643
  5. ↑ UK Statistics on Waste 2020
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