Metal: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]]

~~== Overview ==~~

The term [[Metal]] can capture a wide range of different categories/types within the waste and resources sector, but the macro metal waste generated in the UK from the most recent [[DEFRA]] data<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> shows 6,604,532 tonnes of metals wastes split:

~~A metal is defined as '~~a ~~material~~ of ~~various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous properties that are good conductors of electricity~~ and ~~heat~~, ~~form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides'~~<ref>~~Marriam-Webster Dictionary, 2019.~~ [https://www.~~merriam-webster~~.~~com~~/~~dictionary~~/~~metal Definition of METAL. Merriam~~-~~webster.com.] [online] [Accessed 27 Nov. 2019~~].</ref>.

The term metal can ~~capture~~ a wide range of ~~different categories~~/~~types within~~ the ~~waste~~ and ~~resources sector, but~~ the macro split tends to be into Ferrous Metal, Non-Ferrous Metal, and Mixed Metal (which is then subsequently sorted into various categories for subsequent [[recycling]]) - the broad term normally used for waste metals is scrap metal in the UK.

* '''Ferrous Metal''' : 2,055,014 tonnes in 2020 (those metals containing iron),

* '''Non-Ferrous Metal''' : 493,938 tonnes in 2020 (those metals not containing iron)<ref>https://www.metalsupermarkets.co.uk/the-difference-between-ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metal/</ref>, and

* '''Mixed Metal''' : 4,055,580 tonnes in 2020 (a mixture of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal which is then subsequently sorted into various categories/grades for subsequent [[recycling]])

The broad term normally used for waste metals is '''Scrap Metal''' in the UK but other terminology and desciptions prevail in the sector, including for example [[Used Beverage Cans]] ([[UBC]]) grouped into 'Steel' (Ferrous Metal), 'Aluminium' (Non-Ferrous Metal) and 'Mixed Cans' (Mixture of the two types).

==Macro Tonnages==

The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> is summarised in the pie charts below, with 2,055,014 tonnes of ferrous, 493,938 tonnes of non-ferrous and 4,055,580 tonnes of mixed metallic wastes generated in the UK in 2020 and is part of the broader figures reported in [[UK Waste Tonnage]] equivalent to c.3.5% of the total. These tonnages exclude any metals that remain in mixed residual waste streams that have not been recycled/recovered:

[[File:Ferrous_Metal.png|800px|center|frameless]]

[[File:Non Ferrous Metal.png|800px|center|frameless]]

[[File:Mixed Metal.png|800px|centre|frameless]]

==Overview==

A [[Metal]] is defined as 'a material of various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous properties that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides'<ref>Marriam-Webster Dictionary, 2019. [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metal Definition of METAL. Merriam-webster.com.] [online] [Accessed 27 Nov. 2019].</ref>.

[[Recycling]] of metals can include the following processes:

*Collection, weighing, sorting and distribution of metals: dealing with a wide range of suppliers, including engineering industries; small traders, such as plumbers or vehicle dismantlers; local authority collection sites; and householders disposing of domestic appliances.

*Shearing – reducing the size of large pieces of metal by cutting

*Baling/compacting – to improve ease of handling and transportation

*Shredding – reducing feedstock to fist-sized lumps; and separating metals from other materials using magnets and air classification methods. A large shredder can process a car in less than ten seconds.

*Media separation – further separation of any remaining non ferrous metals using liquid density and hand or mechanical sorting methods

*International metals trading – moving metals around the world<ref>BMRA, 2019. [https://www.recyclemetals.org/about-metal-recycling/metals-recycling-in-the-uk.html Metals recycling in the UK. Recyclemetals.org.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>.

Under the [[Scrap Metal Dealers Act 2013]] it is illegal for anyone to buy scrap metal using cash, and all scrap metal dealers must verify the identity of all sellers.

==Categories==

The macro/broad split tends to be into '''Ferrous Metal''' (those metals containing iron), '''Non-Ferrous Metal''' (those metals not containing iron)<ref>https://www.metalsupermarkets.co.uk/the-difference-between-ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metal/</ref>, and '''Mixed Metal''' (a mixture of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal which is then subsequently sorted into various categories/grades for subsequent [[recycling]]) - the broad term normally used for waste metals is '''scrap metal''' in the UK.

===Simpler Recycling Categories===

Under [[Simpler Recycling]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system</ref> [[Metal]] is classified as:

* Steel and aluminium tins and cans

* Steel and aluminium aerosols

* Aluminium foil

* Aluminium food trays

* Steel and aluminium jars and bottle lids

* Aluminium tubes

=== Scrap Metal Grades (examples) ===

Line 20:

Line 56:

*Grade 5C Loose Light Steel Scrap

*Grade 10 Light Cast Iron

~~=== Local Authority Descriptions ===~~

~~Local authorities collect materials and describe them as required by [[WasteDataFlow]], which is based primarily on the use or origin of the metal, for example cans and fire extinguishes.~~

~~The headers following are these categories with a listing of which local authorities collect a significant tonnage of these types of materials.~~

Whereas local authorities separately identify large [[WEEE]] items such as domestic fridges, the scrap metal industry tends to classify, recycle and trade based on the metal type from these appliances.

~~=== Scrap Metal Recycling ===~~

~~[[Recycling]] of metals can include the following processes:~~

*Collection, weighing, sorting and distribution of metals: dealing with a wide range of suppliers, including engineering industries; small traders, such as plumbers or vehicle dismantlers; local authority collection sites; and householders disposing of domestic appliances.

*Shearing – reducing the size of large pieces of metal by cutting

*Baling/compacting – to improve ease of handling and transportation

*Shredding – reducing feedstock to fist-sized lumps; and separating metals from other materials using magnets and air classification methods. A large shredder can process a car in less than ten seconds.

*Media separation – further separation of any remaining non ferrous metals using liquid density and hand or mechanical sorting methods

*International metals trading – moving metals around the world<ref>BMRA, 2019. [https://www.recyclemetals.org/about-metal-recycling/metals-recycling-in-the-uk.html Metals recycling in the UK. Recyclemetals.org.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>.

=== Local Authority Categories ===

[[Local Authority|Local Authorities]] collect materials and describe them as required by [[WasteDataFlow]], which is based primarily on the use or origin of the metal, for example cans and fire extinguishes.

== ~~Macro~~ Tonnages ==

==Local Authority Tonnages==

The ~~most recent information published by~~ [[~~DEFRA~~]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/digest-of-waste-and-resource-statistics-2018-edition Digest of Waste Resources 2018] reporting data from a 2016</ref> <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-waste-data UK Statistics on Waste 2019] updating some of the 2018 Digest with 2017 data</ref>is summarized in the ~~pie charts below, with 2,060,580 tonnes of ferrous, 478~~,~~855 tonnes of non-ferrous~~ and ~~3,965,881 tonnes of mixed metallic wastes generated in~~ the ~~UK in 2016 and is part of the broader figures reported in [[UK Waste Tonnage]]:~~

The headers following are those categories with a listing of which local authorities collect a significant tonnage of these types of materials.

Whereas local authorities separately identify large [[WEEE]] items such as domestic fridges, the scrap metal industry tends to classify, recycle and trade based on the metal type from these appliances.

~~[[File:Ferrous Metal Pie Chart.png|500px|Ferrous Metal Reported by DEFRA as Generated in 2016]]~~

===Aerosols===

~~[[File:Metallic Waste non-ferrous Pie Chart.png|500px|Non-ferrous Metal Reported by DEFRA as Generated in 2016]]~~

~~[[File:Metallic waste mixed Pie Chart.png|500px|Mixed Metal Reported by DEFRA as Generated in 2016]]~~

The recording of tonnage from the following headers by local authorities in [[WasteDataFlow]] is aggregated into the household figures, as the tonnage of metals that might be extracted from [[Comingled Recyclate]] that are sorted at a [[MRF]], although these tonnages are not reported by the local authorities in [[WasteDataFlow]] as segregated metals unless the [[MRF]] provides information back to them

== Aerosols ==

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aerosols' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aerosols' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 54:

Line 75:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== Aluminium Cans ==

===Aluminium Cans===

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 1000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aluminium Cans' and tonnage >= 1000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aluminium Cans' and tonnage >= 1000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 77:

Line 92:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== Aluminium Foil ==

===Aluminium Foil===

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aluminium Foil' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aluminium Foil' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 100:

Line 108:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== Bicycles ==

===Bicycles===

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 200 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Bicycles' and tonnage >= 200|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Bicycles' and tonnage >= 200|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 123:

Line 124:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== Fire Extinguishers ==

===Fire Extinguishers===

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Fire Extinguishers' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Fire Extinguishers' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 146:

Line 140:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== Gas Bottles ==

===Gas Bottles===

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Gas Bottles' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Gas Bottles' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 169:

Line 156:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== Mixed cans ==

===Mixed cans===

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed cans' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed cans' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 192:

Line 172:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== Other Scrap Metal ==

===Other Scrap Metal===

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Other Scrap Metal' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Other Scrap Metal' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 215:

Line 188:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== Steel Cans ==

===Steel Cans===

Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Steel Cans' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}

{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Steel Cans' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

{| class=wikitable

! Authority

Line 238:

Line 204:

! Address

! Material

! Tonnes ~~{{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>~~

! Tonnes

{{!~~}}-~~

! Reporting Period

{{~~!}} [[{{{~~authority~~}}}]]~~

{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~stream~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~type~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~operator~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~address~~}}}~~

~~{{!}} [[{{{~~material~~}}}]]~~

~~{{!}} {{{~~tonnage~~}}}~~

}}

|}

== References ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]]
-== Overview ==
+The term [[Metal]] can capture a wide range of different categories/types within the waste and resources sector, but the macro metal waste generated in the UK from the most recent [[DEFRA]] data<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> shows 6,604,532 tonnes of metals wastes split:
-A metal is defined as 'a material of various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous properties that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides'<ref>Marriam-Webster Dictionary, 2019. [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metal Definition of METAL. Merriam-webster.com.] [online] [Accessed 27 Nov. 2019].</ref>.
-The term metal can capture a wide range of different categories/types within the waste and resources sector, but the macro split tends to be into Ferrous Metal, Non-Ferrous Metal, and Mixed Metal (which is then subsequently sorted into various categories for subsequent [[recycling]]) - the broad term normally used for waste metals is scrap metal in the UK.
+* '''Ferrous Metal''' : 2,055,014 tonnes in 2020 (those metals containing iron),
+* '''Non-Ferrous Metal''' : 493,938 tonnes in 2020 (those metals not containing iron)<ref>https://www.metalsupermarkets.co.uk/the-difference-between-ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metal/</ref>, and
+* '''Mixed Metal''' : 4,055,580 tonnes in 2020 (a mixture of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal which is then subsequently sorted into various categories/grades for subsequent [[recycling]])
+The broad term normally used for waste metals is '''Scrap Metal''' in the UK but other terminology and desciptions prevail in the sector, including for example [[Used Beverage Cans]] ([[UBC]]) grouped into 'Steel' (Ferrous Metal), 'Aluminium' (Non-Ferrous Metal) and 'Mixed Cans' (Mixture of the two types).
+==Macro Tonnages==
+The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> is summarised in the pie charts below, with 2,055,014 tonnes of ferrous, 493,938 tonnes of non-ferrous and 4,055,580 tonnes of mixed metallic wastes generated in the UK in 2020 and is part of the broader figures reported in [[UK Waste Tonnage]] equivalent to c.3.5% of the total. These tonnages exclude any metals that remain in mixed residual waste streams that have not been recycled/recovered:
+[[File:Ferrous_Metal.png|800px|center|frameless]]
+[[File:Non Ferrous Metal.png|800px|center|frameless]]
+[[File:Mixed Metal.png|800px|centre|frameless]]
+==Overview==
+A [[Metal]] is defined as 'a material of various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous properties that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides'<ref>Marriam-Webster Dictionary, 2019. [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metal Definition of METAL. Merriam-webster.com.] [online] [Accessed 27 Nov. 2019].</ref>.
+[[Recycling]] of metals can include the following processes:
+*Collection, weighing, sorting and distribution of metals: dealing with a wide range of suppliers, including engineering industries; small traders, such as plumbers or vehicle dismantlers; local authority collection sites; and householders disposing of domestic appliances.
+*Shearing – reducing the size of large pieces of metal by cutting
+*Baling/compacting – to improve ease of handling and transportation
+*Shredding – reducing feedstock to fist-sized lumps; and separating metals from other materials using magnets and air classification methods. A large shredder can process a car in less than ten seconds.
+*Media separation – further separation of any remaining non ferrous metals using liquid density and hand or mechanical sorting methods
+*International metals trading – moving metals around the world<ref>BMRA, 2019. [https://www.recyclemetals.org/about-metal-recycling/metals-recycling-in-the-uk.html Metals recycling in the UK. Recyclemetals.org.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>.
+Under the [[Scrap Metal Dealers Act 2013]] it is illegal for anyone to buy scrap metal using cash, and all scrap metal dealers must verify the identity of all sellers.
+==Categories==
+The macro/broad split tends to be into '''Ferrous Metal''' (those metals containing iron), '''Non-Ferrous Metal''' (those metals not containing iron)<ref>https://www.metalsupermarkets.co.uk/the-difference-between-ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metal/</ref>, and '''Mixed Metal''' (a mixture of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal which is then subsequently sorted into various categories/grades for subsequent [[recycling]]) - the broad term normally used for waste metals is '''scrap metal''' in the UK.
+===Simpler Recycling Categories===
+Under [[Simpler Recycling]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system</ref> [[Metal]] is classified as:
+* Steel and aluminium tins and cans
+* Steel and aluminium aerosols
+* Aluminium foil
+* Aluminium food trays
+* Steel and aluminium jars and bottle lids
+* Aluminium tubes
 === Scrap Metal Grades (examples) ===
@@ Line 20: / Line 56: @@
 *Grade 5C Loose Light Steel Scrap
 *Grade 10 Light Cast Iron
-=== Local Authority Descriptions ===
-Local authorities collect materials and describe them as required by [[WasteDataFlow]], which is based primarily on the use or origin of the metal, for example cans and fire extinguishes.
-The headers following are these categories with a listing of which local authorities collect a significant tonnage of these types of materials.
-Whereas local authorities separately identify large [[WEEE]] items such as domestic fridges, the scrap metal industry tends to classify, recycle and trade based on the metal type from these appliances.
-=== Scrap Metal Recycling ===
-[[Recycling]] of metals can include the following processes:
-*Collection, weighing, sorting and distribution of metals: dealing with a wide range of suppliers, including engineering industries; small traders, such as plumbers or vehicle dismantlers; local authority collection sites; and householders disposing of domestic appliances.
-*Shearing – reducing the size of large pieces of metal by cutting
-*Baling/compacting – to improve ease of handling and transportation
-*Shredding – reducing feedstock to fist-sized lumps; and separating metals from other materials using magnets and air classification methods. A large shredder can process a car in less than ten seconds.
-*Media separation – further separation of any remaining non ferrous metals using liquid density and hand or mechanical sorting methods
-*International metals trading – moving metals around the world<ref>BMRA, 2019. [https://www.recyclemetals.org/about-metal-recycling/metals-recycling-in-the-uk.html Metals recycling in the UK. Recyclemetals.org.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>.
+=== Local Authority Categories ===
+[[Local Authority|Local Authorities]] collect materials and describe them as required by [[WasteDataFlow]], which is based primarily on the use or origin of the metal, for example cans and fire extinguishes.
-== Macro Tonnages ==
+==Local Authority Tonnages==
-The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/digest-of-waste-and-resource-statistics-2018-edition Digest of Waste Resources 2018] reporting data from a 2016</ref> <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-waste-data UK Statistics on Waste 2019] updating some of the 2018 Digest with 2017 data</ref>is summarized in the pie charts below, with 2,060,580 tonnes of ferrous, 478,855 tonnes of non-ferrous and 3,965,881 tonnes of mixed metallic wastes generated in the UK in 2016 and is part of the broader figures reported in [[UK Waste Tonnage]]:
+The headers following are those categories with a listing of which local authorities collect a significant tonnage of these types of materials.
+Whereas local authorities separately identify large [[WEEE]] items such as domestic fridges, the scrap metal industry tends to classify, recycle and trade based on the metal type from these appliances.
-[[File:Ferrous Metal Pie Chart.png|500px|Ferrous Metal Reported by DEFRA as Generated in 2016]]
+===Aerosols===
-[[File:Metallic Waste non-ferrous Pie Chart.png|500px|Non-ferrous Metal Reported by DEFRA as Generated in 2016]]
-[[File:Metallic waste mixed Pie Chart.png|500px|Mixed Metal Reported by DEFRA as Generated in 2016]]
-The recording of tonnage from the following headers by local authorities in [[WasteDataFlow]] is aggregated into the household figures, as the tonnage of metals that might be extracted from [[Comingled Recyclate]] that are sorted at a [[MRF]], although these tonnages are not reported by the local authorities in [[WasteDataFlow]] as segregated metals unless the [[MRF]] provides information back to them
-== Aerosols ==
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aerosols' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aerosols' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 54: / Line 75: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
-== Aluminium Cans ==
+===Aluminium Cans===
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 1000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aluminium Cans' and tonnage >= 1000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aluminium Cans' and tonnage >= 1000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 77: / Line 92: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
-== Aluminium Foil ==
+===Aluminium Foil===
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aluminium Foil' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Aluminium Foil' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 100: / Line 108: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
-== Bicycles ==
+===Bicycles===
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 200 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Bicycles' and tonnage >= 200|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Bicycles' and tonnage >= 200|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 123: / Line 124: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
-== Fire Extinguishers ==
+===Fire Extinguishers===
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Fire Extinguishers' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Fire Extinguishers' and tonnage >= 100|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 146: / Line 140: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
-== Gas Bottles ==
+===Gas Bottles===
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Gas Bottles' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Gas Bottles' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 169: / Line 156: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
-== Mixed cans ==
+===Mixed cans===
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed cans' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Mixed cans' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 192: / Line 172: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
-== Other Scrap Metal ==
+===Other Scrap Metal===
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Other Scrap Metal' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Other Scrap Metal' and tonnage >= 10000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 215: / Line 188: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
-== Steel Cans ==
+===Steel Cans===
 Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator.
 {{#clear_external_data:}}
-{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Steel Cans' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage}}
+{{#get_db_data: db=disp |from=disposal |where=material='Steel Cans' and tonnage >= 2000|order by=tonnage desc|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
 {| class=wikitable
 ! Authority
@@ Line 238: / Line 204: @@
 ! Address
 ! Material
-! Tonnes {{#for_external_table:<nowiki/>
+! Tonnes
-{{!}}-
+! Reporting Period
-{{!}} [[{{{authority}}}]]
+{{#display_external_table:template=Diposaltable‎|data=authority=authority,stream=stream,type=type,operator=operator,address=address,material=material,tonnage=tonnage,date=date}}
-{{!}} [[{{{stream}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{type}}}]]
-{{!}} [[{{{operator}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{address}}}
-{{!}} [[{{{material}}}]]
-{{!}} {{{tonnage}}}
-}}
 |}
 == References ==
 <references />