Metal: Difference between revisions
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The term [[Metal]] can capture a wide range of different categories/types within the waste and resources sector, but the macro split | [[Category:Tonnage & Waste Types]] | ||
The term [[Metal]] can capture a wide range of different categories/types within the waste and resources sector, but the macro metal waste generated in the UK from the most recent [[DEFRA]] data<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> shows 6,604,532 tonnes of metals wastes split: | |||
* '''Ferrous Metal''' : 2,055,014 tonnes in 2020 (those metals containing iron), | |||
* '''Non-Ferrous Metal''' : 493,938 tonnes in 2020 (those metals not containing iron)<ref>https://www.metalsupermarkets.co.uk/the-difference-between-ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metal/</ref>, and | |||
* '''Mixed Metal''' : 4,055,580 tonnes in 2020 (a mixture of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal which is then subsequently sorted into various categories/grades for subsequent [[recycling]]) | |||
The broad term normally used for waste metals is '''Scrap Metal''' in the UK but other terminology and desciptions prevail in the sector, including for example [[Used Beverage Cans]] ([[UBC]]) grouped into 'Steel' (Ferrous Metal), 'Aluminium' (Non-Ferrous Metal) and 'Mixed Cans' (Mixture of the two types). | |||
==Macro Tonnages== | |||
The most recent information published by [[DEFRA]] <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env23-uk-waste-data-and-management UK Statistics on Waste 2020]</ref> is summarized in the pie charts below, with 2,055,014 tonnes of ferrous, 493,938 tonnes of non-ferrous and 4,055,580 tonnes of mixed metallic wastes generated in the UK in 2020 and is part of the broader figures reported in [[UK Waste Tonnage]]: | |||
[[File:Ferrous_Metal.png|800px|center|frameless]] | |||
[[File:Non Ferrous Metal.png|800px|center|frameless]] | |||
[[File:Mixed Metal.png|800px|centre|frameless]] | |||
==Overview== | |||
== Overview == | |||
A [[Metal]] is defined as 'a material of various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous properties that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides'<ref>Marriam-Webster Dictionary, 2019. [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metal Definition of METAL. Merriam-webster.com.] [online] [Accessed 27 Nov. 2019].</ref>. | A [[Metal]] is defined as 'a material of various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous properties that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides'<ref>Marriam-Webster Dictionary, 2019. [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metal Definition of METAL. Merriam-webster.com.] [online] [Accessed 27 Nov. 2019].</ref>. | ||
[[Recycling]] of metals can include the following processes: | |||
*Collection, weighing, sorting and distribution of metals: dealing with a wide range of suppliers, including engineering industries; small traders, such as plumbers or vehicle dismantlers; local authority collection sites; and householders disposing of domestic appliances. | |||
*Shearing – reducing the size of large pieces of metal by cutting | |||
*Baling/compacting – to improve ease of handling and transportation | |||
*Shredding – reducing feedstock to fist-sized lumps; and separating metals from other materials using magnets and air classification methods. A large shredder can process a car in less than ten seconds. | |||
*Media separation – further separation of any remaining non ferrous metals using liquid density and hand or mechanical sorting methods | |||
*International metals trading – moving metals around the world<ref>BMRA, 2019. [https://www.recyclemetals.org/about-metal-recycling/metals-recycling-in-the-uk.html Metals recycling in the UK. Recyclemetals.org.] [online] [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].</ref>. | |||
Under the [[Scrap Metal Dealers Act 2013]] it is illegal for anyone to buy scrap metal using cash, and all scrap metal dealers must verify the identity of all sellers. | |||
==Categories== | |||
The macro/broad split tends to be into '''Ferrous Metal''' (those metals containing iron), '''Non-Ferrous Metal''' (those metals not containing iron)<ref>https://www.metalsupermarkets.co.uk/the-difference-between-ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metal/</ref>, and '''Mixed Metal''' (a mixture of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal which is then subsequently sorted into various categories/grades for subsequent [[recycling]]) - the broad term normally used for waste metals is '''scrap metal''' in the UK. | |||
===Simpler Recycling Categories=== | |||
Under [[Simpler Recycling]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system</ref> [[Metal]] is classified as: | Under [[Simpler Recycling]]<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/simpler-recycling-collections-and-tougher-regulation-to-reform-waste-system</ref> [[Metal]] is classified as: | ||
* Steel and aluminium tins and cans | * Steel and aluminium tins and cans | ||
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*Grade 5C Loose Light Steel Scrap | *Grade 5C Loose Light Steel Scrap | ||
*Grade 10 Light Cast Iron | *Grade 10 Light Cast Iron | ||
=== Local Authority Categories === | |||
[[Local Authorities]] collect materials and describe them as required by [[WasteDataFlow]], which is based primarily on the use or origin of the metal, for example cans and fire extinguishes. | |||
== | ==Local Authority Tonnages== | ||
The | The headers following are those categories with a listing of which local authorities collect a significant tonnage of these types of materials. | ||
Whereas local authorities separately identify large [[WEEE]] items such as domestic fridges, the scrap metal industry tends to classify, recycle and trade based on the metal type from these appliances. | |||
== Aerosols == | ===Aerosols=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
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== Aluminium Cans == | ===Aluminium Cans=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 1000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 1000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Aluminium Foil == | ===Aluminium Foil=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Bicycles == | ===Bicycles=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 200 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 200 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Fire Extinguishers == | ===Fire Extinguishers=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 100 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Gas Bottles == | ===Gas Bottles=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Mixed cans == | ===Mixed cans=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Other Scrap Metal == | ===Other Scrap Metal=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 10000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Steel Cans == | ===Steel Cans=== | ||
Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | Below is a list of local authorities that sends more than 2000 tonnes of this material to a single waste operator. | ||
{{#clear_external_data:}} | {{#clear_external_data:}} | ||